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THE HIGHLANDERS OF SCOTLAND.

Division of Scotland--People of the Highlands--Language--Clanship--Chiefs Customs--Special Characteristics--Fiery-Cross--Slogan--Mode of Battle Forays--Feasts--Position of Woman--Marriage--Religious Toleration Superstitions--Poets--Pipers--Cave of Coire-nan-Uriskin--The Harp--Gaelic Music--Costume--Scotland's Wars--War with Romans--Battle of Largs--Bannockburn--Flodden--Pinkie--Wars of Montrose--Bonnie Dundee--Earl of Mar--Prince Charles Stuart--Atrocities in the Wake of Culloden--Uncertainty of Travellers' Observations--Kidnapping Emigration 17

THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA.

Origin of the name of Scotland--Scoto-Irish--Ulster--Clandonald--Protestant Colonies in Ireland--Corruption of Names--Percentage of in Revolution--Characteristics--Persecuted--Emigration from Ulster--First Scotch-Irish Clergyman in America--Struggle for Religious Liberty Settlement at Worcester--History of the Potato--Pelham--Warren and Blandford--Colerain--Londonderry--Settlements in Maine--New York--New Jersey--Pennsylvania--The Revolution--Maryland--Virginia--Patrick Henry--Daniel Morgan--George Rogers Clark--North Carolina--Battle of King's Mountain--South Carolina--Georgia--East Tennessee--Kentucky Canada--Industrial Arts--Distinctive Characteristics 40

CAUSES THAT LED TO EMIGRATION.

Results of Clanship--Opposed to Emigration--Emigration to Ulster Expatriation of 7000--Changed Condition of Highlanders--Lands Rented Dissatisfaction--Luxurious Landlords--Action of Chiefs in Skye--Deplorable State of Affairs--Sheep-Farming--Improvements--Buchanan's Description--Famine--Class of Emigrants--America--Hardships and Disappointments 60

DARIEN SCHEME.

First Highlanders in America--Disastrous Speculation--Ruinous Legislation--Massacre of Glencoe--Darien Scheme Projected--William Paterson--Fabulous Dreams--Company Chartered--Scotland Excited Subscriptions--List of Subscribers--Spanish Sovereignty over Darien--English Jealousy and Opposition--Dutch East India Company--King William's Duplicity--English and Dutch Subscriptions Withdrawn--Great Preparations--Purchase of Ships--Sailing of First Expedition--Settlement of St. Andrews--Great Sufferings--St. Andrews Abandoned--The Caledonia and Unicorn Arrive at New York--Recriminations--The St. Andrews--The Dolphin--King Refuses Supplies--Relief Sent--Spaniards Aggressive--Second Expedition--Highlanders--Disappointed Expectations--Discordant Clergy--How News was Received in Scotland--Give Vent to Rage--King William's Indifference--Campbell of Fonab--Escape--Capitulation of Darien Colony--Ships Destroyed--Final End of Settlers 75

HIGHLANDERS IN NORTH CAROLINA.

On the Cape Fear--Town Established--Highlanders Patronized--Arrival of Neil McNeill--Action of Legislature--List of Grantees--Wave of Emigration--Represented in Legislature--Colony Prosperous--Stamp Act--Genius of Liberty--Letter to Highlanders--Emigrants from Jura--Lands Allotted--War of Regulators--Campbelton Charter--Public Road--Public Buildings at Campbelton--Petition for Pardon--Highland Costume--Clan Macdonald Emigration--Allan Macdonald of Kingsborough--American Revolution--Sale of Public Offices--Attitude of Patriots--Provincial Congress--Highlanders Objects of Consideration--Reverend John McLeod--Committee to Confer with Highlanders--British Confidence--Governor Martin--Provincial Congress of 1775--Farquhard Campbell--Arrival of the George--Other Arrivals--Oaths Administered--Distressed Condition--Petition to Virginia Convention--War Party in the Ascendant--American Views--Highlanders Fail to Understand Conditions--Reckless Indifference of Leaders--General Donald Macdonald--British Campaign--Governor Martin Manipulates a Revolt--Macdonald's Manifesto--Rutherford's Manifesto--Highlanders in Rebellion--Standard at Cross Creek--March for Wilmington--Country Alarmed--Correspondence--Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge--Overthrow of Highlanders--Prescribed Parole--Prisoners Address Congress--Action of Sir William Howe--Allan Macdonald's Letter--On Parole--Effects His Exchange--Letter to Members of Congress--Cornwallis to Clinton--Military at Cross Creek--Women Protected--Religious Status 102

HIGHLANDERS IN GEORGIA.

English Treatment of Poor--Imprisonment for Debt--Oglethorpe's Philanthropy--Asylum Projected--Oglethorpe Sails for Georgia--Selects the Site of Savannah--Fort Argyle--Colonists of Different Nationalities--Towns Established--Why Highlanders were Selected--Oglethorpe Returns to England--Highland Emigrants--Character of--John Macleod--Founding of New Inverness--Oglethorpe Sails for Georgia--Visits the Highlanders--Fort St. Andrews--Spaniards Aggressive--Messengers Imprisoned--Spanish Perfidy--Suffering and Discontent in 1737--Dissension Increases--Removal Agitated--African Slavery Prohibited--Petition and Counter Petition--Highlanders Oppose African Slavery--Insufficient Produce Raised--Murder of Unarmed Highlanders--Florida Invaded--St. Augustine Blockaded--Massacre of Highlanders at Fort Moosa--Failure of Expedition--Conduct of William MacIntosh--Indians and Carolinians Desert--Agent Reprimanded by Parliament--Clansmen at Darien--John MacLeod Abandons His Charge--Georgia Invaded--Highlanders Defeat the Enemy--Battle of Bloody Marsh--Spaniards Retreat--Ensign Stewart--Oglethorpe Again Invades Florida--Growth of Georgia--Record in Revolution--Resolutions Assault on British War Vessels--Capture of--County of Liberty--Settlement Remained Highland 146

CAPTAIN LACHLAN CAMPBELL'S NEW YORK COLONY.

Lachlan Campbell--Donald Campbell's Memorial--Motives Controlling Royal Governors--Governor Clarke to Duke of Newcastle--Same to Lords of Trade--Efforts of Captain Campbell--Memorial Rejected--Redress Obtained--Grand Scheme--List of Grantees--A Desperado--Township of Argyle--Records of--Change of Name of County--Highland Soldiers Occupy Lands--How Allotted--Selling Land Warrants--New Hampshire Grants--Ethan Allan--Revolution--An Incident--Indian Raid--Massacre of Jane McCrea--Religious Sentiment 176

HIGHLAND SETTLEMENT ON THE MOHAWK.

Sir William Johnson--Highlanders Preferred--Manner of Life--Changed State of Affairs--Sir John Johnson--Highlanders not Civic Officers--Sir John Johnson's Movements Inimical--Tryon County Committee to Provincial Congress--Action of Continental Congress--Sir John to Governor Tryon--Action of General Schuyler--Sir John's Parole--Highlanders Disarmed--Arms Retained--Highland Hostages--Instructions for Seizing Sir John--Sir John on Removal of Highlanders--Flight of Highlanders to Canada--Great Sufferings--Lady Johnson a Hostage--Highland Settlement a Nest of Treason--Exodus of Highland Women--Some Families Detained--Letter of Helen McDonell--Regiment Organized--Butler's Rangers--Cruel Warfare--Fort Schuyler Besieged--Battle of Oriskany--Heroism of Captain Gardenier--Parole of Angus McDonald--Massacre of Wyoming--Bloodthirsty Character of Alexander McDonald--Indian Country Laid Waste--Battle of Chemung--Sir John Ravages Johnstown--Visits Schoharie with Fire and Sword--Flight from Johnstown--Exploit of Donald McDonald--Shell's Defence--List of Officers of Sir John Johnson's Regiment--Settlement in Glengarry--Allotment of Lands--Story of Donald Grant--Religious Services Established 196

GLENALADALE HIGHLANDERS OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.

Highlanders in Canada--John Macdonald--Educated in Germany--Religious Oppression--Religion of the Yellow-Stick--Glenaladale Becomes Protector--Emigration--Company Raised Against Americans--Capture of American Vessel--Estimate of Glenaladale--Offered Governorship of Prince Edward Island 231

HIGHLAND SETTLEMENT IN PICTOU, NOVA SCOTIA.

Emigration to Nova Scotia--Ship Hector--Sails from Lochbroom--Great Sufferings and Pestilence--Landing of Highlanders--Frightening of Indians--Bitter Disappointment--Danger of Starvation--False Reports--Action of Captain Archibald--Truro Migration--Hardships--Incidents of Suffering--Conditions of Grants of Land--Hector's Passengers--Interesting Facts Relative to Emigrants--Industries--Plague of Mice--American Revolution--Divided Sentiment--Persecution of American Sympathizers Highlanders Loyal to Great Britain--Americans Capture a Vessel--Privateers--Wreck of the Malignant Man-of-War--Indian Alarm--Itinerant Preachers--Arrival of Reverend James McGregor 235

FIRST HIGHLAND REGIMENTS IN AMERICA.

Cause of French and Indian War--Highlanders Sent to America--The Black Watch--Montgomery's Highlanders--Fraser's Highlanders--Uniform of--Black Watch at Albany--Lord Loudon at Halifax--Surrender of Fort William Henry--Success of the French--Defeat at Ticonderoga--Gallant Conduct of Highlanders--List of Casualties--Expedition Against Louisburg--Destruction French Fleet--Capture of Louisburg--Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne--Defeat of Major Grant--Washington--Name Fort Changed to Fort Pitt--Battalions of 42nd United--Amherst Possesses Ticonderoga--Army at Crown Point--Fall of Quebec--Journal of Malcolm Fraser--Movements of Fraser's Highlanders--Battle of Heights of Abraham--Galling Fire Sustained by Highlanders--Anecdote of General Murray--Retreat of French--Officers of the Black Watch--Highland Regiments Sail for Barbadoes--Return to New York--Black Watch Sent to Pittsburg--Battle of Bushy Run--Black Watch Sent Against Ohio Indians--Goes to Ireland--Impressions of in America--Table of Losses--Montgomery Highlanders Against the Cherokees--Battle with Indians--Allan Macpherson's Tragic Death--Retreat from Indian Country--Return to New York--Massacre at Fort Loudon--Surrender of St. Johns--Tables of Casualties--Acquisition of French Territory a Source of Danger 252

SCOTCH HOSTILITY TOWARDS AMERICA.

Causes of American Revolution--Massacre at Lexington--Insult to Franklin--England Precipitates War--Americans Ridiculed--Pitt's Noble Defence--Attitude of Eminent Men--Action of Cities--No Enthusiasm in Enlistments in England and Ireland--The Press-Gang--Enlistment of Criminals--Sentiment of People of Scotland--Lecky's Estimate--Addresses Upholding the King--Summary of Highland Addresses--Emigration Prohibited--Resentment Against Highlanders--Shown in Original Draft of Declaration of Independence--Petitions of Donald Macleod 292

HIGHLAND REGIMENTS IN AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

Eulogy of Pitt--Organizing in America--Secret Instructions to Governor Tryon--Principal Agents--Royal Highland Emigrants--How Received--Colonel Maclean Saves Quebec--Siege of Quebec--First Battalion in Canada--Burgoyne's Doubts--Second Battalion--Sufferings of--Treatment of--Battle of Eutaw Springs--Royal Highland Emigrants Discharged--List of Officers--Grants of Land--John Bethune--42nd or Royal Highlanders--Embarks for America--Capture of Highlanders--Capture of Oxford Transport--Prisoners from the Crawford--British Fleet Arrives at Staten Island--Battle of Long Island--Ardor of Highlanders--Americans Evacuate New York--Patriotism of Mrs. Murray--Peril of Putnam--Gallant Conduct of Major Murray--Battle of Harlem--Capture of Fort Washington--Royal Highlanders in New Jersey--Attacked at Pisquatiqua--Sergeant McGregor--Battle of Brandywine--Wayne's Army Surprised--Expeditions During Winter of 1779--Skirmishing and Suffering--Infusion of Poor Soldiers--Capture of Charleston--Desertions Regiment Reduced--Sails for Halifax--Table of Casualties--Fraser's Highlanders--Sails for America--Capture of Transports--Reports of Captain Seth Harding and Colonel Archibald Campbell--Confinement of Colonel Campbell--Interest in by Washington--Battle of Brooklin--Diversified Employment--Expedition Against Little Egg Harbor--Capture of Savannah--Retrograde Movement of General Prevost--Battle of Brier Creek--Invasion of South Carolina--Battle of Stono Ferry--Retreat to Savannah--Siege of--Capture of Stony Point--Surrender of Charleston--Battle of Camden--Defeat of General Sumter--Battle of King's Mountain--Battle of Blackstocks--Battle of the Cowpens--Battle of Guilford Court-House--March of British Army to Yorktown--Losses of Fraser's Highlanders--Surrender of Yorktown--Highlanders Prisoners--Regiment Discharged at Perth--Argyle Highlanders--How Constituted--Sails for Halifax--Two Companies at Charleston--At Penobscot--Besieged by Americans--Regiment Returns to England--Macdonald's Highlanders--Sails for New York--Embarks for Virginia--Bravery of the Soldiers--Highlanders on Horseback--Surrender of Yorktown--Cantoned at Winchester--Removed to Lancaster--Disbanded at Stirling Castle--Summary--Estimate of Washington--His Opinion of Highlanders--Not Guilty of Wanton Cruelty 308

DISTINGUISHED HIGHLANDERS WHO SERVED IN AMERICA IN THE INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

General Sir Alan Cameron--General Sir Archibald Campbell--General John Campbell--Lord William Campbell--General Simon Fraser of Balnain--General Simon Fraser of Lovat--General Simon Fraser--General James Grant of Ballindalloch--General Allan Maclean of Torloisk--Sir Allan Maclean--General Francis Maclean--General John Small--Flora Macdonald 377

DISTINGUISHED HIGHLANDERS IN AMERICAN INTEREST.

General Alexander McDougall--General Lachlan McIntosh--General Arthur St. Clair--Serjeant Macdonald 398

Note A.--First Emigrants to America 417

Note B.--Letter of Donald Macpherson 417

Note C.--Emigration during the Eighteenth Century 419

Note D.--Appeal to the Highlanders lately arrived from Scotland 422

Note E.--Ingratitude of the Highlanders 426

Note F.--Were the Highlanders Faithful to their Oath to the Americans 426

Note G.--Marvellous Escape of Captain McArthur 430

Note H.--Highlanders in South Carolina 442

Note J.--Allan McDonald's Complaint to the President of Congress 444

Note K.--The Glengarry Settlers 445

Note L.--Moravian Indians 448

Note M.--Highlanders Refused Lands in America 450

Note N.--Captain James Stewart commissioned to raise a company of Highlanders 453

List of Subscribers 456

Battle of Culloden Frontispiece

Coire-nan-Uriskin 26

House of Henry McWhorter 52

View of Battle-Field of Alamance 55

Scottish India House 90

Barbacue Church, where Flora Macdonald Worshipped 144

Johnson Hall 204

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