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Read Ebook: A Treatise on Anatomy Physiology and Hygiene (Revised Edition) by Cutter Calvin
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Ebook has 952 lines and 127066 words, and 20 pages
embrane.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BONES.
What is the effect when the synovial fluid is secreted in large quantities? 125. What is the function of the ligaments? 126. Mention how the bones of the system are connected.
Explain fig. 27. 128. Describe the variety of movements in the different joints.
HYGIENE OF THE BONES.
What effect has moderate, regular labor upon the growing youth? 131. What remark respecting the kind and amount of labor? At what age are the bones best fitted for labor? 132. What effect has long-continued exertions or positions on the bones of a child? What is said of the requisitions of some teachers, who have the famed "quiet schools"? 133. Why should not the child be induced to stand or walk, either naturally or artificially, at too early an age?
Compare 1, 1, Fig. 28, with 2, 2, 2, Fig. 48.
What does fig. 33 represent?
What experiment is mentioned? What does fig. 34 represent? 140. How can one shoulder be elevated and no injurious results follow?
Why does the right shoulder project more frequently than the left? How can this deformity be prevented? 141. What is said of deformed spinal columns?
What is one cause of rickets? What are the prevention and remedies for this disease? 145. Does the time vary when the reuniting substance of the bone is secreted from the blood? When is the surgeon's care most needed? Why?
THE MUSCLES.
ANATOMY OF THE MUSCLES.
How are tendons or cords formed? What is the expansion of a tendon called? How can the structure of muscles and their fibres be shown? What does fig. 36 represent? 152. Give the different arrangements of muscular fibres.
What causes the hollow eye and sunken cheek after a severe sickness? 158. How many muscles in the human system? Into how many layers are they arranged? What is a voluntary muscle? Give examples. What is an involuntary muscle? Mention examples. Give observation 1st, respecting the use of the abdominal muscles? Observation 2d.
Explain fig. 39. Give the function of some of the most prominent muscles, from this figure.
What is represented by fig. 40? Give the function of some of the muscles represented by this figure.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MUSCLES.
Explain fig. 45. Give experiment 1st.
Give experiment 2d. 164. With what is each muscular fibre supplied? What effect has this stimulus on the muscles? 165. how long does a voluntary muscle remain contracted? 166. On what is the velocity of muscular contraction dependent? How many letters may be pronounced in a minute?
How many contractions and relaxations of the same muscle? What is said of the rapidity of muscular contractions in other animals? 167. When are the involuntary muscles called into action? Why would it not have been safe to trust these important operations to the exclusive control of the will? 168. Give an instance where some of the muscles act under the government of the will, conjoined with those that are involuntary. 169. On what does the difference in muscular activity and strength depend?
How is this illustrated? 172. Do all joints require the same number of muscles, when called into action? How many are called into action in the movement of the elbow? What is their office? What is said of the movement of the ball and socket joint?
HYGIENE OF THE MUSCLES
Is there a limit to the muscles becoming powerful by action? How may the strength of muscles be kept until advanced age? 175. What is the effect when exercise is continued until there is a feeling of exhaustion? Give a practical illustration. What rule is mentioned in regard to exercise? 176. Can all persons take the same amount of exercise? What rule is given as to the amount of exercise?
It appears to be a fact, that no two important organs can be called into intense action at the same time, without injury to both, as well as to the general system. This arises from the circumstance that an organ, when in functional action, attracts fluids from other organs of the system. Except in a few instances of high health in youth, the power of the system is not adequate to supply more than one organ in action with the appropriate fluids at the same time.
What kinds of exercise are best? 190. What rule is given respecting the time for exercise? 191. Why do the muscles require sleep? What is the effect of an inversion of the law of rest?
HYGIENE OF THE MUSCLES, CONTINUED.
What is represented by figs. 48 and 49?
How is this shown by experiment? 207. Upon what do the different intonations of sound or mechanical employments depend? Why are the first efforts in educating the muscles indifferent or irregular? 208. Why is repetition of muscular action necessary? Why is it important that correct movements be adopted in the first efforts of muscular education?
How is this illustrated? 209. Why have so many pupils failed in acquiring good penmanship?
THE TEETH.
ANATOMY OF THE TEETH.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE TEETH.
HYGIENE OF THE TEETH.
Why is smoking injurious to the teeth? 226. What remark respecting the temporary teeth? 227. What remarks respecting the permanent teeth? Do those persons that extract teeth require skill as well as knowledge? 228. Why should not teeth be extracted at all times when they are painful?
Give an illustration of the removal of sound teeth. 229. How may decaying teeth be preserved? What should be avoided in the filling of teeth? 230. What practices should also be avoided? 231. What is said of acidulated drinks? What effect has the chewing of tobacco upon the teeth? 232. What is one reason for preserving health?
THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.
ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS
What important ducts open into it? 246. Describe the jejunum. 247. The ileum. 248. What is said of the coats of the intestines? Why is the mucous membrane sometimes called the villous coat? 249. Describe the caecum.
Explain fig. 62. What is said respecting the mesenteric glands?
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.
The process of deglutition may be comprehended by analyzing the operation of swallowing food or saliva.
What peculiar property has gastric juice? 265. Where and how is chyme converted into chyle? What is said in regard to the bile? 266. What becomes of the chyle? Of the residuum?
The chyle is changed by the lacteals and mesenteric glands, but the nature of this change is not, as yet, well defined or understood.
HYGIENE OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.
Why do we eat more in the winter than in the summer? What practical observation is given? 282. Why should the quantity of food be lessened as warm weather commences? What would be avoided if this principle were obeyed? 283. Why should the present condition of the digestive organs be regarded in reference to the quantity of food? Mention an instance in which it would be injudicious to give food.
What does observation show? 288. What is said of the causes of hunger? 289. Why is not the same kind of food adapted to different individuals?
TABLE,
SHOWING THE AVERAGE QUANTITY OF DRY, OR SOLID MATTER, CARBON, NITROGEN, AND MOISTURE, IN DIFFERENT ARTICLES OF DIET.
The time required for the digestion of the different articles of food might vary in other persons; and would probably vary in the same individual at different periods, as the employment, health, season, &c., exert a modifying influence.
TABLE,
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