Read Ebook: Notice of Runic Inscriptions Discovered during Recent Excavations in the Orkneys by Farrer James

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Ebook has 168 lines and 12437 words, and 4 pages

MOLFR KOLBAINSSONR RAEIST RUNA THESA GHAUT.

Probably a memorial to a comrade who had fallen in battle.--Professor STEPHENS.

THOLFR KOLBEINSSONR RAEIST RUNAR THESA.

The last word, read as haua, seems superfluous. It is possible there may have been some mis-spelling, the first in haua may have been an the dot having been a little prolonged, and the may have been intended for an R, the word would then read h?r ?, hereon, or on this stone.--Professor MUNCH.

THOLFR KOLBEINSSONR REIST RUNAR THESSAR HATT.

BRA HOH THANA.

The third letter is very rare, and is an indication of the great antiquity of the inscription. The word hew is often used for carve or write.--Professor STEPHENS.

The inscription seems to be incomplete, some words may have been engraved on another stone and lost.--Professor MUNCH.

BRE H?H THENA, BRE HOH THENNA.

Professor Rafn does not translate this. He remarks that what precedes is "incomplete and undecipherable."

VEMUNTR RAEIST.

VEMUNTR RAEIST.

VIMUNDR RAEIST.

F, U, Th, O, R, K, H, N, I, A, S, T, B, M, L, Y.

This is the Scandinavian Runic Futhork, or Alphabet. The form of the second letter is very rare, the last three are also very unusual, and may be considered as an indication that the building had been for a long period of time in the hands of many people. It was the custom to write the Alphabet wherever it was most likely to meet the eye, and a passing visitor, or treasure seeker, would have hardly taken so much trouble.--Professor STEPHENS.

F, U, Th, O, R, K, H, N, I, A, S, T, B, U, L, U.

The Runic Alphabet--Some of the letters here have been placed out of their proper order, owing probably to carelessness on the part of the writer. Time has also produced its effects upon the letters, the is clearly , and the long stroke in the third letter is also accidental.--Professor MUNCH.

F U Th O R K H N I A S T B M L R.

The common Runic Alphabet.--Professor RAFN.

ORKASONR, SAGHTHI, A, RUNOM, THAEIM, IR, HAN, RISTU.

NUARI KULTURMR, SIKURTHR, IRU, FALNIR, KIAEBIK, UIL SAEGHIAN IR, SO, MAIR.

These two inscriptions must be taken together; they have been written at the same time, and by the same person. It is probably a military message from some battle-field, sent through a trusty officer who is commissioned to make known the details. The word Nuari is very doubtful; this part of the inscription is very indistinct. It becomes more legible advancing from left to right.--Professor STEPHENS.

ORKASONR SAGTHI A RUN OM THEIM ER HALIR RISTU.

There seems to have been some blunder in the writing. If the dot on the right side of the letter has been the end of a stroke, it would convert the letter into the Bind-rune and if the were a combination of L and R, the word would then read Halir, that is Men-fellows-heroes. The second part of the inscription, No. 7, is only a fragment--perhaps some part of a verse, but it is doubtful.--Professor MUNCH.

ORKASON SAHTHI A RUNUM THAEIM IR HAN RISTI . . . SAETHIAN IR SO MAUR

The two inscriptions are to be read together, but much of No. 7, is very indistinct.--Professor RAFN.

INGIBIORGH, HIN, FARET, LUTIN, HIR, MIGHIL, OFL, ATE.

The Palm-runes underneath cannot be read in the usual manner; the first, third, and fourth of the runes being a, o, and i; the writer probably intended to give all the vowels, but some of the letters have been obviously miscarved, and have perhaps been altered and defaced at a later period by other persons. In the first of them a cross line has been added to shew that the letter or is intended.--Professor RAFN.

THORNY SAERTH . . . HAELGHIS RAEISTO.

Haelghis was probably an Englishman or Frislander. The inscription is much worn, and evidently very old. The last letter is the old northern .--Professor STEPHENS.

THORNU SAERTH . . . HAELHI RAEIST R.

Thorny is a female name. Saerth is unintelligible; something is wanting here; the last letter R. is clearly the beginning of the word Runar.--Professor MUNCH.

THORNY SAERTH . . . HAELHI RAEIST.

The word Saerth is of doubtful meaning.--Professor RAFN.

THORER FORMIR, a proper name.

Probably the name of a man: there is a rude figure of a horse engraved.--Professor MUNCH.

Thorir Fomir, a name of doubtful import. F? m?r, perhaps procure me. Thorer, procure me the cross. The great cross underneath may refer to the Crusade. --Professor RAFN.

RAEIST RUNAR THESAR OFRAMR SIGHURTHERSONR.

Several of the letters at the beginning are obliterated. The crosses may be intended for ornament.--Professor STEPHENS.

REIST RUNAR THESSAR UFRAMR SIGURTHARSONR.

RAEIST RUNAR THAESIR OFRAMR SIHURTHARSONR.

The word Oframr, or Uframr, is hardly to be found anywhere else. It signifies "the modest," "the reserved." The seven crosses denote that this man was one of the Crusaders.--Professor RAFN.

OTAR, FILA, RAEIST, RUNAR THESAR.

IOTAR, FILA, REIST RUNAR THESSAR.

IOTA FILA RAEIST RUNAR THISAR.

This is an unknown name.--Professor RAFN.

THAT, MAN, SAT, IR, EKIAE, HE, AT, FEUAR, FORT, ABROT, THRIM NOTOM, UARFI, BROT, FORT, HAELTR, AENTHAEIR.

This is to be read from right to left. It reads thus:--That man who sat here in ache He at the Fee-Ware forth a broke, with three comrades from the stronghold broke forth the Hero AEnthaeir. This probably announces the escape of a prisoner, perhaps an Englishman, as is indicated by some of the words--That for Sa, He for Han, as examples. He boasts of his escape. He may, however, have intended to record a message.--Professor STEPHENS.

JORSALA MEN BURTU HAUK.

AEhiiminii, a proper name; the second word is too faintly written to be translated; AEmisris, a proper name. There are some more very indistinct letters; probably they once indicated--

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