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PREFACE 1

SERIES 1 6

SERIES 2 20

SERIES 3 56

SERIES 4: Songs 82

PREFACE.

Footnote 1:

The Passamaquoddy of Maine now live at Sipayik or Pleasant Point, near Eastport, Me., and near Princeton, Me., while the Maliseet have their chief settlement near Fredericton, N. B. At Pleasant Point, which is the modern headquarters, dwelt Sopiel Selmo, the keeper of the Wampum Records, a mnemonic system of wampum shells arranged on strings in such a manner, that certain combinations suggested certain sentences or certain ideas to the narrator, who, of course, knew his record by heart and was merely aided by the association of the shell combinations in his mind with incidents of the tale or record which he was rendering. With Selmo, however, died the secret of this curious system, but some of the wampum strings are still to be seen at Pleasant Point and there are a few in the possession of Mr. Wallace Brown at Calais, Me. The laws and customs thereby recorded are published in the first Series of the following texts in a more exact form than that given in my former publication of this record in "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society," 1897, pp. 479-495.

Of the texts in the present work only the Wampum Records and part of Series 4, "Songs" have been published before in an imperfect form. Poetical and inexact English renderings of some of the Kuloskap material have appeared in Leland and Prince "Kuloskap the Master," New York, 1902, a popular exposition of eastern Algonquin folk-lore.

There are no nasal vowels, as in Penobscot and Abenaki.

J. DYNELEY PRINCE.

NEW YORK, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, 1920.

Page 6

SERIES 1.

Medcimiu p'kokni tohokyoltowuk; k'tciyawiu w'ski'tap epidcik wasis'k nespiw'sikyojik yut metci-mipniltimkil; nit etutc-al-ithuswin'k nek'meyu tepithotmo'tit tcewi ke'kw ?leyu; eliyowuk tcewi ?leyutetc na neks?yu. Nit etutci m's?u sise-p'tcitaketil kinwetwaswinti m's?-te elipit w'skitcin; ankwotc elk'wiyik saunisnuk; ankwotc w'tcip'nuk; k't'kik snutsekt'nuk; k't'kik k'skiyasnuk. P'tcio-te petciyik Wapna'kik. K'matc w'sipkikm'n yaka kes'wuk naka wew'tciyanya. Nit-te tama wejiwe'tit w't-iyawa w'skitc'no: "k'p'tciptoln'n w'li-ak'not'm?k'n." Nit etlausitkw'ton kisi-putwuso li-kislut'muk. M's?-te tekepit w'skitcin kinwe'to nit k'tci lakutw?k'n kitwitaso. M's?u w'skitcin nut'k ak'notm?k'n; m's?u w'lit'hasu. M's?u w'siwatcyokony'l kat-kisilet-te kaum'k mat'nitin. Nit m's?u kesukmiksit op'dcitakan oputwuswin'm. Nit m's?u kesukmiksit op'tcitakan nisu kesena akwam'k oputwuswin'm natciwitcitak'wik k'tci lakutw?k'n kesena k'tci maweputwusw?k'n.

Nit m's?u kis-maweusetil; nit o-matce-tepithotm'nya ta nite w't-elokh'tinya. Ste'pal m's?u siwatcyoko'tit eli-wap'li-p'mau'sit. Yok't k'tci sak'mak w't-iyana k't'kihi: "yut elapim'k asit-wetcosyo'kw k'n'mi'tunen eli-p'kaknapt'wuk; k'n'mi'tonenw'l kesek ewaplikil; yut'l p'kaknikil t'm'h?k'nsis'l-lo naka tapyik t'pa'kwyil tcewi-puskenosw'l oskeniu." Nit-te m's?u w't'li-kislutm'nya w't'lakutinya. Nit w't-akinwi-ponm'nya kis'k etutci-putwusi'tit. Nit liwetasu tcikte wikwam. Yot w'kesekm'nya etasi-kiskakil katama-lo wen k'losiu. M's?-te putwuswin tcewit-lithasu tanetc w't-itm'n; tan etutci litutit t'pask'sw?k'n'l; m's?-te w'tepithotm'nya tanetc-li kisi-tcenetaso man'tim'k; kwuni tcikpultowuk lo; pem-lokemkil.

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SERIES 1.

Always bloodily they were fighting; many men, women children were tortured by these continual wars; then these wise ones take thought so that something may be done; and that quickly; then all send a messenger to every place where the Indians dwell; some go to the south; some to the east; some to the west; others to the north-west. They even come as far as the Wabanaki. Very long it takes, even months, till they arrive. Then when they come there, they say to the Indians: "We bring you good news." Then when they arrived, they took counsel what to decide. To all Indians dwelling there one announces that a great peace will be called. All the Indians hear the news; all rejoice. All are weary of having made continual warfare. Then every tribe sends its councillor. Every tribe sends two or more councillors that they may be present at the great peace, or great general council.

Then all assembled. Then they began to take counsel as to what they should decree. Only, all are weary of living in an evil way. These great chiefs say to the others: "Now, when we look back at what we did, we see that these trails are bloody; we see how many bad things there were; these bloody tomahawks and bows and arrows--they must be buried for ever." Then all decide that they should make peace. Then they appoint a day when they shall take counsel. This is called "the Silent Wigwam." Then they give order that on each day no one shall speak every councillor must think over what he shall say how to make the laws; they all consider how to stop the wars; as long as they remain; a week.

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Aptc etutci-apkw'timutit; wikwam liwitasu "m'sita'kw wen t'l?westo." Nit na kwuni o-matce-putwuswinya. M's?u putwuswin w't-uknutm'n eli-pipyaks naka metc-matnuti'tit; m's?u eli-w'sikyoltoti'tits kwunipn'-ltim'k; nit-lo al-teketc tepnasko yotepithatosu naka k'temakithaman w'tepitemowa w'tawasismowa naka mamatwikoltidcik; medcimiu yok-li w'sikyasp'nik tahalo-te saklithat w'ski'tap naka m'tap'kwin. Nit m's?u-mi t'l?westoti'tit, nit li-kislom'k w'tlitonya k'tci lakalosnihak'n naka totciu oponm'nya epasiu k'tci wikwam t'pakalosniu. Na w't'litonya epus; w'ponm'nya w'mit?'kwsow'l; nit wen pelestowat nit etutc -eshemhut'm yut'l eyilidcil w'nidcan'l t'pakalosniu. M's?-te na w't-atcwiyik-setswaw'l naka na medcimiu w'm'tutwatm'n w'ktci skwut, wa wedci-ska-nekasw'nuk. Yot wedci madc'hak wapapi t'pask'-sw?k'n'l.

Nit lakalosnihak'n'l et'li-nsetwasik sp'm'k nit mawe-lakutwi-kislut-mew?k'n; m's?-te kesikpesit w'skitcin newanko k'sukmito, k'nok-lo k'tciyawi milidcpesw'. M's?-te yokt'ke w'skitcinwuk w't-atc'wi-elianya naka wikinya t'pakalosniu. T'ketc wen ke'kw-li waplelok't tciwi-semha; w'nikikow'l w't-esemhokol nit epus. Kisi-mawetasiks nit-lo tane te'po wikit t'pakalosniu tce-tciksitm'n'l tan eyil?dcil tpask'sw?k'n'l kesena esemha. Nit wikwam et'linsetwasik t'pakalosniu hitmowiu m's?-te k'sit w'skitcin kisita'kw tcewi-li sank'wi-p'mau'so. Katama aptc tcika-wiyotoltiwun; tcewi-li p'mau'sowuk tahalo wesiwestolt?dcik witsekeso-tolt?dcik o-pesw'n w'n'kikowu. Nit-lo k'tc? skwut et'li-w'sitwasik wikwam'k hitmowiu m'si-te-ta wut kiswitcita'kw w'skitcin nitetc et'losi'tit skwut'k w'lamantc skat aptc t'keyi wipmeshonw'l. Nit-lo w'nikikow'l et'lin m'sit wut wikwam'k nit k'tci sak'm Kanawak. Nit-te lakalosh?k'n naka epus hitmowiu wapapi t'pask'sw?k'n'l. Tan wut pelset'k tcewi-mawe-sakyaw'l et'li-nsetwodcik; nit m'sike'kw kisitpiyak.

Nit-te aptc o-matcelokh'tinya; h'n w'tlitonya aps'kikwil w't'pask'-sw?k'nw'l. M's?u yut'l t'pask'sw?k'n'l tcewi litasw'l wapapik, wetcitc kiskitasik tan te'po eli-kimwitpiyak elnokak; m'sitetc-yo naka eli-milidcp'k'k wapap. Yot wapap elyot sakm'k naka m'tapekwinw'k naka nipwultimkil; elokh-tim'k tan etutci metcinet sak'm naka eli-pusk'nut; elim'takitmowatil m's?-te w'skitcinwuk; w'lasikaudowi wapap; wikwamkewi wapap, etc.

Page 9

Then they open it ; the wigwam is called "everyone speaks." Then at length they begin to consider. Every councillor relates what had been done and how they had continued to fight; how every one had suffered through the long wars; that now it is time that they should consider and that we take pity on their women and children and on the maimed. These had always suffered just like the strong men and warriors. Then when all had spoken, then they decide that they should make a big fence and then that they should put in the middle, a big wigwam, in the enclosure. Then they make a stick; they put their father there; then whoever disobeys he punishes , the one who is his child in the enclosure. Everyone obeys him and he always keeps up that big fire so that it shall not go out. After this begin the Wampum Laws.

Those fences which they set up that is a general treaty of peace for all nations of Indians, fourteen tribes, but many clans. All these Indians must go and live in the enclosure. If anyone does anything evil, he must be punished; his parent will punish him with that stick. After they are civilized, then whoever lives in the enclosure must obey whatever are the laws, or be punished. That wigwam which is set in the enclosure means that all sorts of Indians whatsoever must live peacefully. Not again shall they quarrel; they must live like brothers sisters with one parent. Then the big fire which they put in the wigwam means that everyone there who live together, the Indians there who are by the fire shall act well; not any more ever shall they sin. Now their parent who is in this wigwam, that is the great chief at Caughnawauga. That fence and stick mean the Wampum Laws. Those who disobey must all suffer together according to what is decreed. This is everything which they did.

Then again they begin to arrange; they make their lesser laws. All these laws must be recorded in wampum, so that they may be read whenever they make ceremonials; everything also can be given in wampum. There is wampum which makes chiefs and warriors and marriages; ceremonies, whenever a chief dies and when he is buried; all the Indians mourn him; salutation wampum; visiting wampum, etc.

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Elok'h'tim'k tan etutci metcinet sak'm.--Tan etutci metcinet sak'm w'mut'wa'kwulm'n'l tcewi t'mitaha naka nki'kwwa'kwsan; m's?te tan kis-iyit; w'towekak'n'l w'tetapyil w't'mh?k'n naka w'mutw?k'n . W'skitcinwuk w'nitakitm'waw'l enkwutci k'tunweyin. Tan etutci tepnaskoyak w'skitcinwuk wi'kw'manya putwuswinuwo; putwuswinya w'teplomanya pili sak'mul. Nekw'tekmi katama w'kislomauyil sak'mul. Nit-te eli-kisi-mawe-kislutmoti'tits nit op'tcitakayu kinwetaswinu; newunol kesena k'ma'tcin ekwitnol heskunelie Mikma'kik, Kebek-lo, Pan'wapsk'k, W'last'kwuk, sak'm t'limetcinet Pest'mokat'y'k. Tan etutci p'tciya'tit kinwetas?dcik elia'tit Mikma'kik nit-te n'mitutil wetckiyak ekwit'n; meteneknahasik w'kisi-nsetum'nya; ke'kw itmowiu: nit-te sak'm w'moweman w'skmaknes'm. W't-?yan: "nit wetckoyak ke'kw; nikt kinwut-wedci-petcidcik." Nit m's?-te wen w?sis'k naka epidcik w'skitapyik m'tapy'taswuk w'natci-asikwenya. Malem-te e'kwayik. Nit-te peskw w'kapetasin na-tutci w't'lintowatm'n nskawewintow?k'n'l. Nit w'tali-es'wi-nskawan el-amkikap wiyalit. Malem-te metc-into; nit-te na yoktwedciyodcik peskw lit'puswin w'milayawiyan; nit na nek'm w'tasitetunan w'siwes'l; na nek'm w'wuskawan.

Malem-te m's?u metci-nskauh'tm'k naka tutciu w'matcyapasinya imyewikwam'k w'nadci-mawe-himyanya. Malem-tetc aptc kisi-miauletwuk naka tutciu ?lipan tanpunto-te wikwam'k. Nit m'siu wen petcit, epidcik, wasis'k m'siu w't'lapasinya w'natci-w'lasikwawa w'sikiptinenawa naka na oponm'nya m'tewek'n t'sakiu wikwam'k et'li-wedciwe'tit. Nit naka h'tciyawiwul w'skitcin w'takew?k'n'l.

El'kemkil etc'wi-kisitutcil meskw kisi-sepyati'kw. Nit amsk'w?s w'lakwiwik eli-wulithasoweltowekw pemkaulutwuk. Nit aptc wespasa'kiwik yokt medciwedcik op'tcitakanya peskow'l oskitap'mw'l sak'mawikwam'k; w'tiyanya sak'mul opawatm'nya m's?-te w'nimianya oskitapi kwandowan'k. Nit-te sak'm w'takinwetuwan oskitap'm omaweman kwandowan'k naka aptc w'takinwetuwan yoho-te wedciwel?dcihi. Nit na kisi-kusyapasi'tit, naka todciu w'musketonya wapapyil naka todciu ekitoso nekw't eli-kislotmotits; nit et'lausit Pest'mokatyik w'kuskatam w'k'tci-w'skinosism'wau; nit-lo "k'pawatmak'n kil et'lausiyan k'natci-widcikem'n eliat k'tci-w'skinosism'l." Malem-te naka kisiwestolti'tit yokt medciwedcik nit na sak'm w'nakisin; na w't'l?weston; w'tiyan w'p'maus'winum nit nek'm holithotm'n w'natci-witcakekemiu

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Ceremonies whenever a Chief dies.--Whenever a chief dies his flag-pole must be cut down and burned; everything which he had; his implements, his bows, his ax and his flag. The Indians mourn for him during one year. When it is time, the Indians summon their councillors; they plan to choose a new chief. One tribe may not decide on the chief. Then when they all debated together they send messengers: four or six canoes proceed to the Micmac, Kennebec, Penobscot, Maliseet, provided that a chief had died among the Passamaquoddy. When they arrived; viz., the messengers who had gone to the Micmac, canoe is seen coming; a little flag they put upon it; what does this mean? His warriors are mourning a chief. One says: "There comes something; these have come with a message." Then everyone, children and women, men, warriors, go out to meet them; then they land. Then one of their leaders sings the welcome songs. Then they are welcomed in return by the one who is on land. Then he continues to sing; then to these new comers they send someone to fetch them in to shore in a canoe; then this one shakes them by the hand as his brothers; so he welcomes them.

After that the welcome is continued and so they start to the prayerhouse, so that they may pray together. So they assemble and then they went to where there was a wigwam. Now everyone comes, women, children; all go to greet them, to salute them and then they put a flag over the wigwam whither they go. This is the way they practised the Indian customs.

For some time they had to do thus before they lay down . Then the first evening the new comers are entertained. So again in the morning, these guests send one of their men to the chief's house; they say to the chief that they all desire that they should see the men in the hall and again he announces it to these new comers. Now when they had gone there, they take out the wampum strings and it is read at once as to what they had decided; namely, that from the Passamaquoddy, who were there represented, had disappeared their oldest boy; then, "We desire that you who are here shall help us to make an oldest boy." So when these new comers had spoken, then the chief stands up; he says to his people that he is glad to cooperate in helping his brothers

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witcok'm'n w'siwes'l kipnael. Nit aptc yokt wedciwedcik o-nakesin; w't'l?weston kisi-w'liy't sak'man eli-wulmatulit naptc o-kisiyinya naka todciu w'nest'm'nya kisuktc etutci-weswesi'tit.

Wedciyowi'tit nit-tetc aptc liwitaso eltakem'k ekelhutcin; malem-te kisatc'wuk weswesinya. Wedciyawi'tit nit sak'm w'takinwetuwan w'skitap'm: "nikt k'siwesn'wuk k'satcwuk weswesinya; katama kiselt'm-waunewin todci neks?yu w'madc'honya." Naptc musketaso wapap kelhotwei naka w'tekitm'nya; w'tiyawu: "nit yut et'lausit Mikma'kik, epit, wasis, w'ski'tap, k'pawatm?k'n k'tcenesin; aptc wu kis'k nio ni kikwusin k't'hak'n k'madc-kulithukowa." Nit itmowiu: katama w'ki-selt'mwaw'n w'madc'halin.

Nit aptc elokh'tim'k liwitaso n'skauh'tin. Nit aptc sak'm op'tcita-kon w'skitapem o-natci-k'tonkatinya k'tci'kok. Nit appi k'tonkati'tit, nit w'telokw'sum'nya tan eli-petcpu'tit, m's?u weyusis n'pahatidcihi. Malem-te m's?u ke'kw kis-okweu. Nit m's?u matceptaso kwandowan'k; nit et'li-k'ti-mawemitsolti'tit naka kinwetowan nodcikakolw't w't-alkweminau'tikuk: "kwaltewal ." Nit m's?u wen w'nestowan, elkwe m?lit. Nit-te na w'kwaskoltinya wasis'k, epidcik, w'skitapyik pemi-p'hatijihi waltewa moskweweyu; malem-te petcik sikaulutwuk kwandowan'k. Nit-te m's?u t'holpiyanya pemkemikek; nit yokt nodci-tephasidcik w'tephemwan yaya-te el-apesit. Yot nit el-witasik elokh'tim'k ekelhot'wi wi'kw'paltin. Nit kis-apeselti'tit o-madcyapasinya. Nit-te aptc neks?yiu app't-aptuwuk. Nit naka todciu h'nskau'tin; nit aptch yokt wedciwedcik w'nakisin; peskw w't'lintowatm'n hitci-eleyiks, elitotits w'm'sums'wuk peskw'n kesena nis'nol el-intowatkil. Nit na sak'm wut-wetci yut w'naskawan-na.

Malem-te nit metcintotim'k, nit sak'm holpin epasiu kwandowan'k; kelnek pekholak'nsis naka epusisl nit-te w'matche-k'tumosin; w'matce-tum'n w'pekholak'n naka w't'lintowatm'n k'tumaswintow?k'n'l. Nit m'si-wen w'nayinyan o-pemkan w'skitapyik, epidcik, petciu-te wasis'k. Nit w'mik'maupaul'tinya.

Nit malem-te metcitpiya aptc naka todciu, w't-akinwi-ponm'nya etutci-matc'ha'tit. Aptc kisatci'tit, nit aptc sak'm minwukel-k't'minya hilelokh'timkil. Ankwotc metci-nitci-kes-p'mi-minwukelnak. Yut nit

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who are bereaved. Then once more these new comers arise; they say they are glad that the chief is so kind to them and again they said it and so they appoint a future day when they shall return.

Afterward then again; this is called the ceremony of prolongation; they are ready to go back. After that the chief announces to his men, "These our brothers are ready to return; we will not permit them to depart too quickly." Once more was taken out the wampum of prolongation and they read it; they say: "That those Micmac who are here, women children and men, we desire that you stay; for a day longer our mothers will keep your paddles for you." This means: they will not permit them to depart.

Then again comes the ceremony called "greeting." Then the chief sends his men to hunt in the woods. So they hunt; then are cooked the things which then bring, every animal which they kill. Then everything was cooked. So all begin to eat in the hall; then when they are about to eat together, the herald announces in their midst: "Your dishes ," or "Let it be feasted." Everyone understands that is to be given. So they run, children, women, men, fetching dishes of birchbark; and then the newcomers come into the hall. Then all sit on the ground; and these dancers dance until they are weary. This is what is called the ceremony of the prolongation feast. So when they were tired, they depart. But quickly they return. Then also thus is the greeting ceremony; namely these newcomers arise; one of them sings about what has been done, what had been performed by their grandfathers, one or two songs. Then after that the chief greets them.

While they are singing, the chief sits in the middle of the hall; he holds a little drum and stick; then he begins to beat it; he begins to strike his drum and sings his dance songs. Then everyone sings and dances, men, women, even children. So they feast together.

When this is finished in the same way , they appoint when they shall depart. So when they are ready, they are detained once more by the chief by repeated ceremonials. Sometimes they

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eltakew?k'n. Ankwotc metc nihi sunte kesena-te peskw kisos; etasi-w'la'kwiwiyikil pemkak; nit kwuni wetciyot.

Elok'htim'k tan etutci elyat sak'm.--Malem-te m'sike'kw mitnaskiyi; nit naka todci sank'wi o-madcehapanya. Malem-tetc nikt p'tciyik elia'tit wetciweya'tit; nit-te na w'mawemanya w'p'mau's'winumwa; w't-akitwetowanya eli-kisi-kiukeni'tit eli-pekwato'tit witcoketw?k'n. Miya-wul-te nikt na k't'kik w't-aptcyanya kiukenits?penik.

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