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Read Ebook: Fifteen Institute Lessons in Language Arithmetic and U.S. History by Sanders William Francis Lewis
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Transcriber's Note
FIFTEEN INSTITUTE LESSONS
-IN-
LANGUAGE, ARITHMETIC
-AND-
U. S. HISTORY
COPYRIGHT SECURED, AUGUST 1888,
BY W. F. L. SANDERS, CAMBRIDGE CITY, INDIANA.
RICHMOND, IND.. DAILY PALLADIUM BOOK AND JOB PRINTING HOUSE. 1888.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS ON TEACHING LANGUAGE.
The teacher should ask questions about the objects and incidents of the reading lesson; the most difficult words of the lesson should be placed on the board and used as an exercise in rapid pronunciation and spelling; let the pupils pass rapidly through a paragraph, pronouncing the words of two-syllables, three-syllables, etc.; and, as soon as the advancement of the class will permit, the pupil should pass through a paragraph naming the parts of speech, the phrases, the propositions, and the sentences, now and then classifying them.
Frequently, as a pupil reads, the rest of the class should be required to close their books and turn their attention directly to what is being read; when the reader is through, the teacher should question the listeners carefully until every point of what was read is brought out clearly,--the reading itself to be properly criticised. Rules of punctuation, and those concerning the use of capitals should be deduced from the reading matter, and frequently recited. Quotation marks, the hyphen, and the apostrophe must receive their share of attention.
Geographical terms, allusions, and figures of speech should be noted; let the places mentioned be located and described as in geography. If prominent men are mentioned, let brief biographical sketches be given.
Before beginning the recitation, the teacher should question the class closely in regard to what is set forth or told in the lesson. Give careful attention to position, voice, emphasis, tone, etc. Good reading should strike our attention as being very like good conversation.
As soon as practicable, the pupils should be required to write out as a composition the thoughts and incidents of the lesson. Occasional exercises in parsing and analysis may be given from the reading lesson.
Stories, extracts, etc., should often be read to the class, to be written out by them in their own language. Let attention to the use of correct language be a prominent feature of every recitation. Transformations of easy poems into prose, and descriptions of scenes, real or imaginary, may be used in composition work. Oral and written reproductions of reading lesson must occur frequently. Conversations about familiar and interesting objects will give the teacher an opportunity to correct bad language.
From time to time, as opportunity offers, supplementary reading matter may be used. Throughout the grades, two or three times a week, the pupils should be required to commit choice quotations and to recite them clearly and effectively.
INSTITUTE LESSONS. Language.
Cautions Against the Use of Incorrect Language.
Exercises for Correction.
Nothing but trials await him .
Have either of you seen him .
Neither of five men were present .
Either ignorance or carelessness have caused this .
Neither of them were there .
Each of the pupils are to bring their books .
What is the mood and tense of the following verbs ?
Every door and every window were crowded with spectators .
Not a boy in the class knew their lessons to-day .
Was the boys or their father to go ?
I do not like these kind of apples .
It isn't safe to trust those sort of people .
The pole is ten foot long .
Is he an African or an European ?
The government is an hereditary monarchy .
A umpire was appointed .
Franklin favored an Union .
Cautions Against the Use of Incorrect English.
Exercises for Correction.
Since he was sick, he looks badly .
The rose smells sweetly .
I feel queerly .
He looks tolerable well .
He acted very different from his brother .
There was no less than five squirrels on the tree .
Such a man does not deserve the name of a gentleman .
I do not despise the giver, but gift .
She referred to Patrick Henry, the patriot and the orator .
What is the difference between a siderial and solar day ?
His dexterity almost appeared miraculous .
I forgot to sign my name to a letter once .
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