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Read Ebook: The Leardo Map of the World 1452 or 1453 In the Collections of the American Geographical Society by Wright John Kirtland Hoen Albert Berthold Contributor
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Ebook has 234 lines and 25261 words, and 5 pages
See Appendix, Nos. 305, 619.
Kretschmer, CE see p. 63.
Particularly the famous Catalan Atlas of 1375 see p. 63.
Kret., CE pp. 82-83.
Explanation
The following commentary is divided into sections numbered with Roman numerals corresponding to the Roman numerals on the general key map . Each item is given an Arabic numeral which corresponds to the Arabic numerals on the detailed key maps .
In the case of the less familiar names, the forms in which they appear on certain other medieval maps are supplied. In general, if a name occurs on the Catalan Atlas of 1375 , on the Catalan map in the Este Library at Modena , or on the Ptolemaic maps , no attempt is made to indicate its occurrence elsewhere.
With the identification of Ptolemaic and medieval names in the Far East, in Africa, and in Scandinavia, we enter upon a hazardous and controversial field. While in many instances I have indicated identifications that have been made by competent scholars, needless to say, these should not be accepted as final. One cannot but feel that where an identification is based upon mere similarity in sound it is often a case of one man's guess being as good as another's. The scope and purpose of the present study does not permit of an exhaustive examination of these questions of detail.
For more complete bibliographical data relating to publications referred to in abbreviated form in the key and for an explanation of the abbreviations, see pp. 63-67. In bibliographical references volume numbers are indicated in lower case Roman, book numbers in upper case Roman, and chapter and page numbers in Arabic type.
On the key maps where there are long rows of place names the first and last numbers only are indicated, with an arrow connecting them. This is done to avoid overcrowding.
The Arabic numerals are in general placed in positions corresponding to those of the legends on the original. This leads in some instances to the separation of the numbers from the symbols to which they relate .
Mountains
Rivers
Other Natural Features
Edifices
North of the River Ras and its Eastern Tributary
Between the Rivers Ras, Rumus, and Tanai
South Side of East Branch of River Rumus
North and Northeast of Mt. Gaspio
Row West and South of the Gulf of the Three Islands
Legend Between Rivers Ras and Tanai
The surface of the map northwest of the Terrestrial Paradise has been rubbed in such a way that many of the names are illegible.
Mountains
The mountain system here corresponds essentially with that of CE; Ptolemaic names have been given to mountains and rivers.
Rivers
No rivers are shown in this region on either CA or CE; Leardo was evidently impelled to add them by the study of Ptolemy's Geography.
Lake
Edifices
Northwest of the Terrestrial Paradise
West of Terrestrial Paradise
Place Names
Longer Inscriptions
Mountain
Rivers
The river system is more elaborate than, although somewhat analogous in its general pattern to, that of CA and CE. The Indus and its branches seem to be lacking on the Catalan maps. I am unable to trace the origin of several of the river names.
Edifices
Place Names on Coast
Longer Inscriptions
Rivers
Edifices
Place Names
Lake and River
Desert
Edifices
South Shore of Caspian Sea
Interior
Persian Gulf Coast
Place Names, North Coast of Persian Gulf
Rivers and Lakes
Edifices
Along the Tigris
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