Homepage
Login
Profile
BookClubs
dmBox
Read Ebook: Leivän haussa by Sienkiewicz Henryk Talvio Maila Translator
Font size:
Background color:
Text color:
Add to tbrJar First Page Next Page
Ebook has 477 lines and 24309 words, and 10 pages
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
ZOOLOGY
Vol. 17, No. 17, pp. 505-515, 3 figures in text
May 4, 1918
THE SUBSPECIES OF THE
MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE
JOSEPH GRINNELL
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
ZOOLOGY
Vol. 17, No. 17, pp. 505-515, 3 figures in text
May 4, 1918
THE SUBSPECIES OF THE MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE
JOSEPH GRINNELL
Fieldwork was carried on by the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology during 1917 in the Inyo region of eastern California. In going over the collection of birds obtained, the attention of the writer was arrested by certain peculiarities evident in the Mountain Chickadees. Comparison with series from the Sierras showed the Inyo birds to be paler colored and longer tailed; and in order to appraise these differences in taxonomic terms it became necessary to assemble material representative of the entire range of the species, in so far as possible. The results of the study thus undertaken are presented herewith.
The material involved in the inquiry has amounted to 464 skins of the Mountain Chickadee, derived from the following sources other than the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: United States National Museum, through Dr. Charles W. Richmond; United States Biological Survey, through Mr. Edward W. Nelson; and the private collections of Messrs. Edward R. Warren, Joseph and John W. Mailliard, G. Frean Morcom, Harry S. Swarth, and J. Grinnell.
Close scrutiny of the series of specimens at hand well representing the entire Rocky Mountain area reveals no variation in phylogenetic characters from the northernmost to the southernmost stations. All show in apparently equal degree the long tail and cinnamon tinge of sides and back, these features together constituting the grounds for separate subspecific recognition of a Rocky Mountain form. On the other hand, the Sierra Nevadan center, with its own recognizable race, of relatively short tail, proves to have two outlying divergent forms. These three forms are alike in their lack of any cinnamon tinge, this being replaced in two of them by a buffy tinge and in one form by leaden gray. The tail in one of the outlying forms is long, in the other short. The habitats concerned are, respectively, the desert mountains of the Inyo region of eastern California, and the coastal mountains of southern California. This differentiation within the Pacific district, particularly within the state of California, will be better understood in its geographic bearing by reference to the accompanying map .
Rocky Mountain Chickadee
Neither depth of bill nor culmen is a practical index to degree of slenderness of bill. No ordinary method of measurement will suffice to indicate the facts as they are perceived by the eye.
As will be seen by the dates in the tables, as a rule only unworn specimens have been selected for measurement.
Alberta: Smoky Valley, 50 miles north of Jasper House, 1; Henry House, 1; 15 miles west of Henry House, 1.
British Columbia: South fork of Moose River, 1.
Montana: Gallatin County: Jefferson River, 1; Madison River, 2; Hillsdale, 2; Mystic Lake, 1; Dry Creek, 1.
Idaho: Sawtooth Lake, 1.
Wyoming: Mammoth Hot Springs, 3; Jackey's Creek, 4 miles southwest of Dubois, 1; Teton Pass, 7200 ft., 2; Salt River Mts., head of Dry Creek, 9200 ft., 1; Medicine Bow Mts., 10 200 ft., 1; Medicine Bow Creek, 1.
Utah: Filmore, 1.
Colorado: Loveland, 1; Middle Park, 1; Sangre de Christo Pass, 1; Fort Garland, 1; Platte Canyon, 1; Pueblo, 2; Estes Park, 1; Boulder, 2; Gold Hill, 1; Golden, 7300 ft., 1; Colorado Springs, 5; Querida, Custer County, 1; Salida, Chaffee County, 1; Crested Butte, Gunnison County, 1; Stamford, 1.
Texas: Guadalupe Mts., 6800 ft., 1; Davis Mts., 1.
New Mexico: Fort Massachusetts, 1; Fort Wingate, 1; Albuquerque, 1; Taos Mts., 8800 ft., 1; Manzano Mts., 4; Magdalena Mts., 7000 ft., 1; Cienequilla, 1; Mt. Capitan, 1; Pecos Baldy, 1; Bear Spring Mts., 1; Shiprock, 1; Corona, 1; Twining, 12,500 ft., 1; Fulton, 1; San Mateo Mts., 9500 ft., 1.
Arizona: Fort Whipple, 1; Mt. Graham, 1; San Francisco Mt., 2; Bright Angel Spring, Kaibab Plateau, 1; Canyon Spring, 1; Santa Catalina Mts., 2; Sierra Ancha, 6500 ft., 1.
Inyo Mountain Chickadee
Mono County: Mono Mills, 1; near Benton, 2; near Big Prospector Meadow, 10,000-10,500 ft., White Mts., 15; Cottonwood Creek, 9200 ft., White Mts., 1. Inyo County: Silver Canyon, 7000-8000 ft., White Mts., 8; Roberts Ranch, 8300 ft., White Mts., 1; head of Black Canyon, 8000 ft., White Mts., 2; Independence, 3900 ft., 1 ; Mazourka Canyon, 8000-10,000 ft., Inyo Mts., 3; near Jackass Spring, 6000-6200 ft., Panamint Mts., 14; Hanaupah Canyon, 7500-9000 ft., Panamint Mts., 2.
Short-tailed Mountain Chickadee
California: Modoc County: Sugar Hill, 4; Warner Mts., 27. Siskiyou County: Mt. Shasta, 3; Jackson Lake, 5900 ft., 5; South Fork Salmon River, 5000 ft., 1; head of Rush Creek, 6400 ft., 2; Kangaroo Creek, 3; Castle Lake, 5400 ft., 1; Horse Creek, Siskiyou Mts., 11; Beswick, 1. Trinity County: head of Bear Creek, 6400 ft., 4; head of Grizzly Creek, 6000 ft., 6. Tehama County: near South Yolla Bolly Mt., 4. Mendocino County: near Castle Peak, 1; near Sanhedrin Mt., 4. Lassen County: Eagle Lake, 6. Plumas County: Meadow Valley, 1. Nevada County: Independence Lake, 3. Placer County: Summit, 1; Cisco, 6000 ft., 18; Blue Canyon, 4700-5000 ft., 12; Dutch Flat, 1. Eldorado County: Tahoe Valley, 2; Kyburz Station, 1. Mariposa County: vicinity of Yosemite Valley, 13. Mono County: Warren Fork of Leevining Creek, 9200 ft., 1; Williams Butte, 7500 ft., 1. Fresno County: Bullfrog Lake, 10,600 ft., 6. Inyo County : near Kearsarge Pass at 8500 ft., 1; Little Onion Valley, 7500 ft., near Kearsarge Pass, 1; Cottonwood Lakes, 11,000 ft., 7. Tulare County : Whitney Creek, 11,000 ft., 3; Whitney Meadows, 9800 ft., 14; Olancha Peak, 10,000 ft., 1.
Nevada: Pine Forest Mts., Humboldt County, 13.
Bailey Mountain Chickadee
Monterey County: Headwaters of Big Creek, 2. Ventura County: Mt. Pinos, 2. Kern County: Kiavah Mt., 7000 ft., near Walker Pass, 2. Tulare County : Taylor Meadow, 7000 ft., 8; Cannell Meadow, 7500 ft., 1; Pine Flat, 7500 ft., 1; Long Meadow, 7700 ft., 1; Sirretta Meadows, 9000 ft., 3; Trout Creek, 6000 ft., 10; near Trout Creek, 7500 ft., 2; Jackass Meadow, 7750 ft., 3; Troy Meadows, 8000 ft., 1. Los Angeles County: Mt. Wilson, 25; Buckhorn Canyon, near Mt. Waterman, 2; near Pasadena, 9 ; Verdugo, 1 . San Bernardino County: near Cucamonga, 1; San Bernardino Mts., 35; Victorville, 3 . Riverside County: San Jacinto Mts., 29; Thomas Mt., 1; Santa Rosa Mts., 10. Orange County: Santa Ana Mts., 3000 ft., 1 . San Diego County: Julian, 1; Cuyamaca Mts., 6.
Key to Table Columns: Wing Tail Exposed culmen Depth of bill
U.S.N.M. Sex Date Locality no. 160697 Nov. 24, Boulder, Colo. 1892 71.7 71.2 8.8 4.0 109948 Oct. 8, Pueblo, Colo. 1886 72.0 72.4 8.4 3.9 109949 Oct. 5, Pueblo, Colo. 1886 70.9 70.3 8.5 4.0 176650 Sept. 23, Madison E., 1888 Gallatin Co., Mont. 68.0 67.8 8.9 4.1 124151 Sept. 15, Jefferson E., 1888 Gallatin Co., Mont. 69.7 67.7 10.0 3.6 188823 Oct. 15, Mammoth Hot Springs, 1902 Wyo. 68.1 67.0 9.0 3.6 62546 Nov. 17, Filmore, 1872 Utah 69.8 68.3 8.3 3.5 136638 Sept. 27, Sawtooth Lake, 1890 Idaho 68.1 69.7 8.8 3.8 228227 Sept. 14, Teton Pass, 1910 Wyo. 71.2 70.4 8.3 3.6 193086 Nov. 6, Manzano Mts., 1903 N. Mex. 71.4 70.6 7.8 4.0 184653 Oct. 22, Corona, 1902 N. Mex. 69.0 71.0 9.0 4.1 192942 Oct. 10, Twining, 1903 N. Mex. 72.0 71.4 8.5 4.0 136637 Sept. 18, San Francisco Mt., 1889 Ariz. 71.3 70.3 7.8 3.8 205661 Sept. 10, Kaibab Plateau, 1909 Ariz. 73.5 74.3 8.3 4.0
No. Sex Date Locality
No. Sex Date Locality
LITERATURE CITED
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION COMMITTEE. 1886. The code of nomenclature and check list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union. , viii + 392 pp. 1910. Check-list of North American birds. Ed. 3, revised , 430 pp., 2 maps.
BAIRD, S. F. 1858. Birds. Pacific Railroad Reports, 9, lvi + 1005 pp.
GAMBEL, W. 1843. Descriptions of some new and rare birds of the Rocky Mountains and California. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, pp. 258-262.
GRINNELL, J. 1908. The southern California chickadee. Condor, 10, pp. 29-30.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
Add to tbrJar First Page Next Page