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Read Ebook: A History of the Peninsular War Vol. 2 Jan.-Sep. 1809 From the Battle of Corunna to the End of the Talavera Campaign by Oman Charles
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VITALIZING INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN IDEAS 3 WORK OF PRINCE, GERRISH, SIDIS, JANET, BINET 4 THE TWO TYPES OF THOUGHT 5
ELEMENTARY CONCLUSIONS 9 FIRST EFFORT OF THE MIND 10 DISTORTED EYE PICTURES 11 ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP AN IDEA 12 CAUSAL JUDGMENTS AND THE OUTER WORLD 13
THE MARVEL OF THE MIND 17 THE INDELIBLE IMPRESS 18 HOW IDEAS ARE CREATED 19 THE ARCHIVES OF THE MIND 22
THE SEEMING CHAOS OF MIND 27 PREDICTING YOUR NEXT IDEA 28 THE BONDS OF INTELLECT 29 BRANDS AND TAGS 32 HOW EXPERIENCE IS SYSTEMATIZED 33 HOW LANGUAGE IS SIMPLIFIED 34 PROCESSES OF REASONING AND REFLECTION 35
IDEAS THAT STIMULATE 39 PIVOTAL LAW OF BUSINESS PASSION 40 ENERGIZING EMOTIONS 41 CROSS-ROADS OF SUCCESS OR FAILURE 42 THE LIFE OF EFFORT 43 THE MOTIVE POWER OF PROGRESS 44 THE VALUE OF AN IDEA 45 THE HARD WORK REQUIRED TO FAIL 46 CREATIVE POWER OF THOUGHT 47 CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS TRAINING 48 TWO WAYS OF ATTACKING BUSINESS PROBLEMS 49 CUTTING INTO THE QUICK 50 EXECUTIVES, REAL AND SHAM 51 MENTAL ATTITUDE OF ONE'S BUSINESS 52 PSYCHOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 53
A CLUE TO ADAPTABILITY 57 MAPPING THE MENTALITY 58 THE KIND OF "HELP" YOU NEED 59 TESTS FOR DIFFERENT MENTAL TRAITS 60 TEST OF UNCONTROLLED ASSOCIATIONS 61 TEST FOR QUICK THINKING 62 MEASURING SPEED OF THOUGHT 63 RANGE OF MENTAL TESTS 64 TESTS FOR ARMY AND NAVY 65 TESTS FOR RAILROAD EMPLOYEES 66 WHAT ONE FACTORY SAVED 67 PROFESSOR M?NSTERBERG'S EXPERIMENTS 68 TESTS FOR HIRING TELEPHONE GIRLS 69 MEMORY TEST 71 TEST FOR ATTENTION 72 TEST FOR GENERAL INTELLIGENCE 74 TEST FOR EXACTITUDE 76 TEST FOR RAPIDITY OF MOVEMENT 77 TEST FOR ACCURACY OF MOVEMENT 78 RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS 79 THEORY AND PRACTICE 85 HOW TO IDENTIFY THE UNFIT 87 MEANS TO GREAT BUSINESS ECONOMIES 88 ROUND PEGS IN SQUARE HOLES 89 THE DANGER IN TWO-FIFTHS OF A SECOND 90 PICKING A PRIVATE SECRETARY 91 FINDING OUT THE CLOSE-MOUTHED 92 A TEST FOR SUGGESTIBILITY 93 SELECTING A STENOGRAPHER 95 TESTS FOR AUDITORY ACUITY 96 A TEST FOR ROTE MEMORY 97 A TEST FOR RANGE OF VOCABULARY 100 CRIME-DETECTION BY PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS 105 THE FACTORY OPERATIVE'S ATTENTION POWER 106 KINDS OF TESTING APPARATUS 108 ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CALLINGS 109 EXERCISES FOR DEVELOPING SPECIAL FACULTIES 110 PRINCIPLES THAT BEAR ON PRACTICAL AFFAIRS 111
JUDICIAL MENTAL OPERATIONS
One of the greatest discoveries of modern times is the impellent energy of thought.
That every idea in consciousness is energizing and carries with it an impulse to some kind of muscular activity is a comparatively new but well-settled principle of psychology. That this principle could be made to serve practical ends seems never to have occurred to anyone until within the last few years.
Certain eminent pioneers in therapeutic psychology, such men as Prince, Gerrish, Sidis, Janet, Binet and other physician-scientists, have lately made practical use of the vitalizing influence of certain classes of ideas in the healing of disease.
We shall go farther than these men have gone and show you that the impellent energy of ideas is the means to all practical achievement and to all practical success.
Preceding books in this Course have taught that--
You have learned that the fundamental processes of the mind are the Sense-Perceptive Process and the Judicial Process.
So far you have considered only the former--that is to say, sense-impressions and our perception of them. You have learned through an analysis of this process that the environment that prescribes your conduct and defines your career is wholly mental, the product of your own selective attention, and that it is capable of such deliberate molding and adjustment by you as will best promote your interests.
But the mere perception of sense-impressions, though a fundamental part of our mental life, is by no means the whole of it. The mind is also able to look at these perceptions, to assign them a meaning and to reflect upon them. These operations constitute what are called the Judicial Processes of the Mind.
The Judicial Processes of the Mind are of two kinds, so that, in the last analysis, there are, in addition to sense-perceptions, two, and only two, types of thought.
One of these types of thought is called a Causal Judgment and the other a Classifying Judgment.
CAUSAL JUDGMENTS
The very first conclusion that you form concerning any sensation that reaches you is that something produced it, though you may not be very clear as to just what that something is. The conclusions of the infant mind, for example, along this line must be decidedly vague and indefinite, probably going no further than to determine that the cause is either inside or outside of the body. Even then its judgment may be far from sure.
Yet, baby or grown-up, young or old, the first effort of every human mind upon the receipt and perception of a sensation is to find out what produced it. The conclusion as to what did produce any particular sensation is plainly enough a judgment, and since it is a judgment determining the cause of the sensation, it may well be termed a causal judgment.
Causal judgments, taken by themselves, are necessarily very indefinite. They do not go much beyond deciding that each individual sensation has a cause, and is not the result of chance on the one hand nor of spontaneous brain excitement on the other. Taken by themselves, causal judgments are disconnected and all but meaningless.
Taken by themselves, then, causal judgments fall far short of giving us that truthful account of the outside world which we feel that our senses can be depended on to convey.
If there were no mental processes other than sense-perceptions and causal judgments, every man's mind would be the useless repository of a vast collection of facts, each literally true, but all without arrangement, association or utility. Our notion of what the outside world is like would be very different from what it is. We would have no concrete "ideas" or conceptions, such as "house," "book," "table," and so on. Instead, all our "thinking" would be merely an unassorted jumble of simple, disconnected sense-perceptions.
What, then, is the process that unifies these isolated sense-perceptions and gives us our knowledge of things as concrete wholes?
CLASSIFYING JUDGMENTS
A Classifying Judgment associates and compares present and past sense-perceptions. It is the final process in the production of that marvel of the mind, the "idea."
The simple perception of a sensation unaccompanied by any other mental process is something that never happens to an adult human being.
Upon the slumbering mind of the newborn babe the very first message from the sense-organs leaves its exquisite but indelible impress. The next sense-perception is but part of a state of consciousness, in which the memory of the first sense-perception is an active factor. This is a higher type of mental activity. It is a something other and more complex than the mere consciousness of a sensory message and the decision as to its source.
Every concrete conception or idea, such as "horse," "rose," "mountain," is made up of a number of associated properties. It has mass, form and vario
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