Read Ebook: Handbook of Railroad Construction; For the use of American engineers. Containing the necessary rules tables and formulæ for the location construction equipment and management of railroads as built in the United States. by Vose George L George Leonard

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Ebook has 1620 lines and 217235 words, and 33 pages

Page

INTRODUCTION 1

INTRODUCTION.

PAGE

Rise and progress of railroads 1 Influence of railroads 3 Safety of railroad travelling 5 Preliminary operations 5 Mechanical principles of locomotion 6 Determination of character of road 7 Gauge 8 General establishment of route 10

RECONNOISSANCE. General topography 12 Barometrical levelling 18

SURVEY.

Topographical sketching 24 General establishment of grades 32 Equating for grades 34 Comparison of surveyed lines 39

LOCATION.

Alignment 41 Final adjustment of grades 46 Comparison of located lines 47

PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS.

Specification 55 Contract 81 Solicit 84 Bid 85 Comparison of bids 87

LAYING OUT WORK.

Slopes 89 Culverts 90 Masonry 91 Tunnels 95

EARTHWORK.

Form of railroad sections 97 Excavation and embankment 104 Transport of material 106 Average haul 106 Drainage 109 Method of conducting construction operations 111

ROCKWORK.

Rock excavation 115 Blasting and quarrying 115-117 Tunnelling 118

WOODEN BRIDGING.

Of the forces at work in bridges 122 Extension 123 Compression 123 Cross strain 124 Detrusion 126 Strength of materials 126 Rules for practice 131 Of the truss 139 Of the arch 169 Of the road-way 174 Lateral bracing 175 Pile bridging 178 Trestling 180 Draw bridges 181 Centres 182

IRON BRIDGES.

Nature and strength of iron 192 Classification of iron bridges 194 Iron truss frames 195 Suspension bridges 203 Boiler plate bridges 223

STONE BRIDGING.

Of the water-way 233 Form of the arch 236 Thickness of voussoirs 238 Form and thickness of abutments 239 Form and dimensions of piers 245

MASONRY.

Stone 248 Cements, mortars, and concretes 249 Construction of arches, wings, and parapet 253 Culverts and drains 255 Retaining walls 256

FOUNDATIONS.

Pile driving, common system 262 Mitchell's screw pile 266 Potts's atmospheric system 266 Coffer-dam 267 Caisson 269

SUPERSTRUCTURE.

Timber work 273 Rail section 276 Chairs and joints 282 Frogs 290 Switches 294 Sidings and crossings 298 Elevation of exterior rail 298

EQUIPMENT.

Introduction 302 Birth and growth of the locomotive 302 The English locomotive of 1850 304 The American locomotive of 1855 305 General description 306 Mechanical and physical principles 312 Resistance to the motion of trains 312 Traction and adhesion 316 Fuel 317 Generation of steam 330 Application of steam 336 Boiler proportions and dimensions 340 Rules and tables for practice 354 Adaptation of locomotives to the movement of trains 360 Classification of engines 371

PART SECOND.

CARS.

Wheels and axles 396 Classification of cars 400 Retarding of trains 401

STATIONS.

Classification of buildings 403 Location of buildings 403 Terminal passenger house 403 Terminal freight house 405 Engine house and appurtenances 405 Way passenger and freight house 407 Wood shed and tank 407

MANAGEMENT.

Organization of employees 413 Duties of employees 415 Number of trains to be used 418 Amount of service of engines 418 Expenses, receipts, profits 420 Express trains 428 Comparative cost of working heavy and light trains 434 Branch roads 436 Reproduction of road and of stock 437 Working railroads by contract 439 Classification of freight 439 Time tables 443 Locomotive registers 444 Electric telegraph 454 New York and Erie Railroad 456

ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS, AND CORRECTIONS.

The reader is particularly requested to apply the following errata before perusing the work. They are partly mistakes in printing, and partly errors in the original MS. The only excuse the writer can offer for the number is, that, being engaged in Missouri, while his publishers were in Boston, he has been prevented from seeing a single proof-sheet in time for its correction.

Page 5, line 7, for "499.999," read "499,999."

-- 5, l. 9, for "49.999," read "49,999."

-- 10, l. 1, for "can be," read "can never be."

-- 12 to 23, headings, for "reconnoitre," read "reconnoissance."

-- 18, l. 24, for "36.9," read "36.8."

-- 19, l. 6, for "table B," read "table D."

-- 24, l. 1, for "any thing," read "every thing."

-- 25, l. 17, for "horizontal line m m m," read "line 1, 2, 3," etc.

-- 26, l. 2, for "land," read "level."

-- 27, l. 1, for "at the place," read "at the right place."

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