Read Ebook: The Underground World: A mirror of life below the surface by Knox Thomas Wallace

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MOUNTAIN CHAINS BETWEEN NATIONS.--MONT CENIS.--CROSSING THE ALPS.--THE GREAT ALPINE TUNNEL.--LAYING OUT THE WORK.--THE ARC AND DORA.--DIFFICULTIES.--THE SURVEYS.--PENETRATING THE MOUNTAIN.--COMPLETION OF THE WORK.--THE CHANNEL TUNNEL.--ITS COST.--COST OF TUNNELS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. 510

THE PARISIAN SEWERS.

THE SEWERS OF PARIS.--THEIR EXTENT.--A JOURNEY THROUGH THEM.--THE START AND THE MODE OF TRAVEL.--DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT SEWER.--ACCIDENTS OF SEWER TRAVEL.--HISTORY OF THE SEWERS.--THEIR FIRST GREAT INSPECTION.--BRUNESEAU.--INUNDATION FROM THE SEWERS.--A MAN LOST.--HORRIBLE DEATH IN THE SEWERS.--THE OLD AND THE NEW.--THE EXCAVATIONS.--NATURE OF THE WORK.--BREAKAGE OF THE CANAL.--JEAN VALJEAN IN THE SEWERS OF PARIS.--HIS FIRST SENSATION.--CAUGHT IN A LABYRINTH.--THE SEWERS OF ST. DENIS, AND THE MARKETS.--CAUGHT IN THE WATER.--THE POLICE IN PURSUIT.--FRIGHT OF THE FUGITIVE.--THE QUICKSAND ON THE COAST OF BRITTANY.--A HORRIBLE DEATH.--QUICKSAND IN THE SEWERS.--HOW IT WAS FORMED.--JEAN VALJEAN IN THE QUICKSAND.--HIS SUFFERINGS AND ESCAPE. 524

MERCURY.

PROPERTIES AND PECULIARITIES OF MERCURY, OR QUICKSILVER.--AMALGAMATION.--CINNABAR.--WHERE IT IS FOUND.--ALMADEN AND OTHER MINES.--CURIOUS CUSTOMS AT IDRIA.--MODES OF WORKING.--HUANCA VELICA.--QUICKSILVER MINES IN CALIFORNIA.--CALIFORNIA LAWSUITS.--WONDERFUL PROPERTIES OF SPANISH TITLES.--AN UNHAPPY ACCIDENT.--PRACTICAL VALUE OF AN EARTHQUAKE.--AN UNDERGROUND CHAPEL. 551

GUANO AND THE COOLIE TRADE.

GUANO AND ITS CHARACTER.--WHERE IT IS FOUND.--THE CHINCHA ISLANDS AND THEIR WEALTH.--NOVEL PLANS OF THE PERUVIANS.--HOW THEY DIG AND LOAD GUANO.--EFFECT OF GUANO ON A STRANGER.--JARVIS'S AND HOWLAND'S ISLANDS.--THE COOLIES AND THEIR LABOR.--STORIES OF HORRIBLE CRUELTIES.--HOW THE ASIATIC SLAVE TRADE IS CONDUCTED.--MUTINY ON SHIPBOARD.--MURDER OF THE CREW.--HUMAN MINCE MEAT.--TREATMENT OF COOLIES AT WORK.--EXTENT OF THE COOLIE TRAFFIC.--PROBABLE FATE OF MISSING SHIPS. 561

AVONDALE.

THE GREAT CALAMITY IN PENNSYLVANIA.--ITS CAUSE.--DISCOVERY OF THE FIRE.--SCENES AT THE MOUTH OF THE MINE.--BURNING OF THE BREAKER.--DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRE.--EFFORTS FOR RESCUE.--THE DOG AND LAMP.--DESCENT OF THE SHAFT.--WHAT THE EXPLORERS SAW.--DISCOVERY OF THE BODIES.--AFFLICTION OF FATHER AND SON.--BRINGING OUT BODIES.--BURIAL OF THE DEAD. 578

IRON AND IRON MINES.

XL.

LEAD MINES OF IOWA.

MINING IN THE BLACK HILLS. THE WONDERFUL MINE UNDER LAKE SUPERIOR.

FIRST REPORTS OF GOLD IN THE BLACK HILLS.--DISCOVERY OF PLACER DEPOSITS.--THEIR EXTENT AND RICHNESS.--DEADWOOD AND RAPID CREEK.--SAD FATE OF AN EARLY EXPLORING PARTY.--VALUABLE QUARTZ VEINS.--MODE OF REACHING THE COUNTRY.--OTHER RESOURCES OF THE BLACK HILLS REGION.--BRILLIANT PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE.--A REMARKABLE MINE UNDER LAKE SUPERIOR.--CURIOSITIES OF SILVER ISLET.--WORKING UNDER DIFFICULTIES.--ORES OF UNEXAMPLED RICHNESS.--MINING ADVENTURES UNDER THE LAKE.--NEW ROUTE TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH. 622

CALIFORNIA AND HER TERRESTRIAL TREASURES.

WONDERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.--CALIFORNIA IN 1835.--CAUSE OF HER RAPID PROGRESS.--THE HONEST MINER OF THE OLDEN TIME.--FATE OF THE FORTY NINERS.--EFFORTS OF A NOVICE.--RUSHES TO NEW PLACERS.--CHANGE FROM PLACER TO QUARTZ MINING.--GRASS VALLEY.--EXTENT OF THE GOLD-BEARING RIDGE.--AMALGAMATING PROCESSES.--SPECULATIONS IN MINING STOCKS.--HOW A SHARP NEW YORKER WAS SOLD.--A LUCKY HIT.--COPPER MINES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA.--NEW ALMADEN AND ITS QUICKSILVER.--BENEFITS OF AN EARTHQUAKE. 633

RAPID TRANSIT.

RAPID TRANSIT IN NEW YORK.--THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY SCHEMES.--ELEVATED RAILWAY LINES.--THE WEST SIDE RAILWAY.--TRAVELLING ON LAMP POSTS.--ADVANTAGES OF A SECOND STORY ROAD.--ADVENTURES WITH THIEVES.--PERILS OF THE MODERN STREET CAR.--ARTISTIC PACKING OF PASSENGERS.--THE PNEUMATIC RAILWAY.--VANDERBILT'S SCHEME.--AN UNCOMFORTABLE JOURNEY.--SHOT FROM A GUN. 644

THE TUNNELS, AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD IN LONDON.

DUNGEONS.

ANIMALS UNDER GROUND.

HORSES IN MINES.--EFFECT OF AN EVEN TEMPERATURE ON HORSES AND MULES.--EFFECT OF DEPRIVATION OF LIGHT.--WALKING IN DARKNESS.--RATS IN MINES.--A MONKEY IN A SILVER MINE.--THE CONSTERNATION HE CREATED.--WHAT HE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE.--HIS UNHAPPY FATE.--A MONKEY AT SEA.--HIS PRANKS.--DEMOCRATIC HABITS.--HOW HE LOST HIS LIFE.--HIS LAST PERFORMANCE.--DOGS IN MINES, AND THE EFFECT OF UNDERGROUND CONFINEMENT.--JOY AT REACHING DAYLIGHT AGAIN.--TWO DOGS AT SEA, AND WHAT THEY DID.--A DOG SAILOR, AND WHAT HE DID.--HIS UNHAPPY END. 686

OUT OF PRISON.

WONDERFUL ESCAPE FROM A FRENCH PRISON.--PLANS OF ESCAPE.--A LONG LABOR.--TUNNELLING THROUGH A WALL.--INGENUITY OF A SAILOR.--LUCKY ACCIDENTS.--DISCOURAGING EVENTS.--HOW SUCCESS WAS ATTAINED.--ELUDING THE GUARDS.--REACHING A PLACE OF SAFETY. 695

THE GAMBLING HELLS OF GERMANY.

THE FOUR GREAT SPAS.--DESCRIPTION OF BADEN, HOMBURG, WIESBADEN, AND EMS.--ROULETTE AND ROUGE-ET-NOIR.--SPLENDOR OF THE SALOONS.--THE PERSONS WHO FREQUENT THEM.--PROFITS AND PECULIARITIES OF THE DIRECTION.--THE PHILOSOPHY OF GAMBLING.--WHY PLAYERS LOSE.--STRANGE SUPERSTITIONS OF BETTORS.--THE INVALIDS.--DROLL SCENES AT THE PUMP-ROOM.--THE MAN WITH A SNAKE IN HIS STOMACH.--THE ROBUST HYPOCHONDRIAC. 705

GAMING AND GAMESTERS ABROAD.

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SUMMER RESORTS.--THE ADVANTAGE OF THE FORMER.--MYSTERIOUS CHARACTERS.--A TRIO OF CELEBRATED GAMESTERS.--THEIR EXTRAORDINARY HISTORY.--TRAGIC FATE OF A YOUNG RUSSIAN OFFICER.--TEMPTATION, DESPAIR, AND SUICIDE OF A BEAUTIFUL ENGLISH GIRL.--A LUCKY BANKER'S CLERK.--A HUNGARIAN HANGING HIMSELF FOR A WARNING.--ECCENTRICITIES OF CROUPIERS.--A CALM-BLOODED HOLLANDER.--THE SKELETON IN THE CLOSET.--ROSE-STREWN ROADS TO RUIN. 721

SUBTERRANEAN DWELLINGS.

BRIGANDAGE AS A FINE ART.

HIGHWAY ROBBERY IN MODERN TIMES.--THE OLD WORLD AND THE NEW CONTRASTED.--HABITS OF RUSSIAN ROBBERS.--PIOUS THIEVES.--PRAYERS FOR SUCCESS.--ROAD AGENTS.--CRUELTIES OF ITALIAN BRIGANDS.--TORTURE AND RANSOM OF PRISONERS.--SPANISH BRIGANDS.--ADVENTURE ON A SPANISH ROAD.--AN AMERICAN PRINCE AND AN ENGLISH DUCHESS.--AN EXCITING RACE.--A DUCHESS IN UNDRESS. 746

MINERAL RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND.

COLONIAL EXHIBITS AT THE PHILADELPHIA CENTENNIAL.--WONDERFUL MINERAL WEALTH OF THE ANTIPODES.--CURIOUS FEATURES OF THE GOLD FIELDS.--HOW A PARTY OF CALIFORNIANS WERE DECEIVED.--DISCOVERIES OF GOLD AND HOW THEY WERE MADE.--TROUBLES WITH THE MINERS.--AN INSURRECTION AND ITS RESULT.--FIELD OF THE AUSTRALIAN MINES.--COAL, IRON, AND OTHER MINERALS.--THE RESOURCES OF NEW ZEALAND.--ITS GOLD YIELD.--GEOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES.--AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER WEALTH.--VICISSITUDES OF MINING LIFE.--PLANS FOR ENCOURAGING IMMIGRATION. 755

UNDERGROUND IN SAN FRANCISCO.

CHINESE OPIUM DENS.--PISCO.--EXPERIMENTS IN LIQUORS.--SATURDAY NIGHT AMONG THE CHINESE.--COCOMONGO.--MURDERER'S ALLEY.--CHINESE MUSIC.--THE THEATRE.--BETEL AND ITS USE.--THE BARBARY COAST.--CHEAP LODGING-HOUSES.--A DYING VICTIM.--A DEN OF THIEVES.--"THE SHRIMP."--UNDER THE STREET.--A REPULSIVE SPECTACLE.--OPIUM SMOKING.--ITS EFFECTS.--SAMSHOO.--ITS PREPARATION AND QUALITIES.--INTRODUCTION TO AN OPIUM DEN.--THE OCCUPANTS.--EXPERIMENT ON A SMOKER.--HOW TO SMOKE.--TRYING THE DRUG.--MESCAL.--GOING HOME.--TRYING A SEWER.--A COUNTRYMAN'S DRINK. 768

GOLD AND ITS USES.

GOLD MINING.

COPPER AND COPPER MINES.

ANTIQUITY OF COPPER.--USE OF IT AMONG THE ANCIENTS.--OLDEST COINS.--THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES.--COPPER MINES OF ENGLAND AND OTHER COUNTRIES.--NATIVE COPPER.--HOW IT IS WORKED.--OVERTHROWING A MASS.--A LUMP WEIGHING EIGHT HUNDRED TONS.--MALACHITE. 817

THE CATACOMBS OF ROME.

THEIR AGE AND EXTENT.--THE SEVEN HILLS HONEYCOMBED.--HOW THE CATACOMBS WERE MADE.--THEIR USES.--THE CHRISTIAN MARTYRS.--IMMENSE BURIAL VAULTS.-- MILLIONS OF PERSONS BURIED.--RESORTS OF ROBBERS.--STRANGE ADVENTURES.--VISITING THE CHURCH OF THE CAPUCHINS.--FANCY OF AN IRREVERENT AMERICAN.--DOWN THE CATACOMBS.--STORY OF THE GUIDE.--STRANGE EXPERIENCE OF TWO AMERICANS. 829

THE PARISIAN RAG-PICKERS.

THEIR NUMBER AND EQUIPMENT.--THEIR KEEN-SIGHTEDNESS AND SKILL.--THE PLEASURE OF THE BOTTLE.--SEEKING COMFORT UNDER DIFFICULTIES.--UNWHOLESOME MAGAZINES.--WHERE AND HOW THE CHIFFONNIERS LIVE.--DISMAL AND NOISOME ABODES.--A SOUP LOTTERY.--QUAINT SCENES IN CHEAP BOOK-SHOPS.--TASTING ROAST CAT AND STEWED PUPPY.--ROMANCE IN DIRT-HEAPS.--A HIDEOUS HAG ONCE A FAMOUS BEAUTY.--PENITENCE AND REFORMATION THROUGH FIRE. 844

BRIGANDAGE AND PIRACY.

BURIED TREASURES.

CAPTAIN KIDD.--HIS HISTORY.--HOW HE MADE HIS FORTUNE.--HIS MELANCHOLY FATE.--JOINT STOCK IN THE ADVENTURE GALLEY.--SEARCHING FOR TREASURES.--STORIES OF THE SEA-COAST.--TRADITIONS.--ADVENTURES OF A TREASURE-HUNTER.--BILL SANBORN, AND WHAT HE DID.--JIM FOLLETT'S DOG.--A PRACTICAL JOKER.--A MESSAGE FROM THE SANDS OF THE SEA.--BILL SANBORN'S DREAM.--FINDING THE CHEST.--A SUPERNATURAL VISITOR. 866

OPERATIONS AT HELLGATE.

THE EARLY HISTORY OF MANKIND.

THE STONE AGE.--PICTURE OF ADAM AND EVE.--HOW EVE CUT THE APPLE.--MINERS OF ANCIENT TIMES.--DISCOVERY OF STONE IMPLEMENTS.--THE INVENTION OF FIRE.--HOW GOLD WAS FOUND.--COPPER AND BRONZE.--THE BRONZE AGE.--IRON AND ITS USES.--MINERAL PRODUCTIONS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.--QUICKSILVER IN SPAIN AND CALIFORNIA.--THE WEALTH OF NEVADA.--ROMANTIC STORY OF THE COMSTOCK LODE.--MINERAL FUTURE OF AMERICA. 898

DIAMOND AND OTHER SWINDLES.

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