Read Ebook: Twenty-four Discourses On Some of the Important and Interesting Truths Duties and Institutions of the Gospel and the General Excellency of the Christian Religion; Calculated for the People of God of Every Communion Particularly for the Benefit of Pious Fa by Perkins Nathan

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But how far doth this great moral law of worship extend? How much doth it include? All who have common sense cannot but know that the right way of interpreting an absolute and unconditional law is to apply it to all that, to which it is, or can be applicable. According to this rule of interpreting, the law now under consideration reaches to all men, of all ages and nations. It binds all rational creatures, in the whole universe of the almighty, angel and men, one as much as, and as fully as another, without one exception or limitation. Wherever any rational creature or moral agent can be found, in heaven, on earth, or in any part of universal nature, there this law extends, and binds him eternally and unchangeably.

With evident propriety might we attempt to establish from the text the duty of the stated worship of the supreme Being, in all its forms; but in the subsequent reasonings, our attention will be principally confined to stated public worship to be constantly attended upon, on all God's holy sabbaths. The arguments however to evince this to be an indispensable duty, when we are able to attend upon it, at least many of them, will apply with equal force to prove the duty of social and secret worship; that is, we are indispensably obliged, to worship God, statedly, in our families, and in our closets, as well as, in his SANCTUARY.

Whether he need our religious services or not--Whether they can benefit him or not--Whether they avail to excite divine commiseration or not--or to change the divine purposes or not--is not the question. He is infinitely exalted, it is conceded, above all blessing and praise, whether of angels or men. His beatitude and glory are incapable of receiving an increase, or sustaining a diminution. His benevolence and clemency are boundless. His omniscience precludes any new information. All our wants and necessities are perfectly before him. The condition of each member of his immense family, in heaven and on earth, is known to him, the blessings which they may need, the dangers which may threaten--the storm which may impend. In regard to the worship of our Father who is in heaven, therefore, the question is, whether it be proper and fit in itself,--whether reasonable--whether the moral law enjoin it. The good it is designed to accomplish respects the worshipper--not the object worshipped. A very mistaken and absurd idea of prayer have those, who suppose the end of it, is to bring any accession of honor or felicity to God. He needs us not. But we cannot be happy without his favour. His favour is life; and his loving kindness better than life. We want his blessings, and must perish forever if they be withholden. And prayer is a mean appointed by him, to obtain all needed mercies.--It hath, therefore, an important--a glorious end.

Moreover, there is another consideration most interesting. We are social beings. Every thing indicates that we were made for society. We are placed in society. As individuals, or singly, we can worship God. We are, consequently, obliged to do it. Were there but one intelligent Creature, in the whole universe, he would be bound, statedly and constantly, to pay homage divine to his adorable Maker. But as we are connected with our fellow-creatures, whether in smaller or larger circles, there are superadded ties to bind us to offer religious addresses to heaven, at all proper seasons or fit times: for there is a time or season for every purpose and duty.--Again, as formed for and placed in society, we have social wants, and, therefore, should look to the author of all good for a supply of them. We should seek his bounty. We have public mercies conferred upon us. These we are bound, by the very nature of the thing, thankfully to acknowledge. We have sins which ought to be jointly confessed, repented of, and pardon solicited, publicly. As a Community or public, common evils are to be deprecated, common favours in Providence owned, and common guilt bewailed. As a people or public we need the smiles and protection of the Almighty. We cannot prosper without them. He orders favourable seasons. He disposes of all public concerns. With him, it is to do as he pleases with us--with ours--with all his people--with all creatures. The very principles of reason, then, teach us jointly to acknowledge our dependence upon him, from whom cometh down every good and perfect gift; who can make us happy--or let us by leaving us to ourselves be miserable. The conclusion is we should engage in his stated public worship and praise. We are capable of doing this. We were made on purpose to shew forth his divine glories and praise. Our tongues, can utter abundantly the memory of his goodness. The faculty of speech, by which we are distinguished from the brutal world, was imparted to us, not to curse and blaspheme, but to praise and adore the glorious donor--not to slander and injure man--but to plead his cause, and the cause of Virtue--to aid man in the road to bliss.

As reason, thus, teaches us the duty of worshipping the God, who made us, in all the ways, of which we are capable, public, or private; so, it is, here, not improper to remark, we find that much the greater part of heathen nations, in antient days, at SET TIMES--or STATED SEASONS, paid some kind of homage to their Idol-Gods. They had their STATED sacrifices, oblations, and libations, either annual, or monthly, or weekly. They had their domestic and supreme Divinities, and performed to them not only public, but private, and family devotions. Reason, then, binds all men to pay worship to a superiour power. Revelation points to the right object, and marks out the only true way.

The duty of public worship, and its beneficial tendency.

MATTHEW iv. 10.

As the stated public worship of the supreme being is the great support of Virtue and Religion in the world, and the means of strengthening and increasing them in particular souls, my design was, with the divine assistance, to give you, in as short a compass as may be, a general view of the subject, an account of what the scripture says and requires, concerning our obligation constantly to attend upon it, on the Lord's day, unless real necessity may be pleaded; or such an excuse may be offered as will justify us, at the bar of Conscience, and at the bar of the final Judge.

And then to illustrate the beneficial tendency of it.

Priests and prophets were appointed to minister in holy things in the Jewish Church. The Jews were bound in duty to attend upon their ministrations. A TEMPLE was built, by divine order; public prayers were to be offered in it; Sacrifices were to be attended; and other religious ceremonies to be performed. But how absurd was all this: if the people were not to resort to this Temple, to unite in these prayers, and to engage in the other religious offerings? Was it not expressly commanded that the LAW should be read on the Sabbath day? But to what end could this be, if the people were not to hear it? Did not God, in an extraordinary manner, by his spirit, raise up a succession of prophets in the Jewish Church, and send them forth with his messages to the people to warn, reprove, and instruct them? Is not the necessary consequence that the people were to convene to hear their warnings, or the word of the Lord? In the gospel-dispensation, God has appointed ordinances of worship. His ministering servants are to preach his word faithfully--to take heed to their doctrine--to deliver sound doctrine: they are to teach all nations. But how can they discharge their duty, if people be not obliged constantly to attend to their teachings?

Having now, at some length, proved the duty of stated public worship, we shall, as proposed, endeavour to illustrate its importance, in the Christian system, and its beneficial tendency.

In order to see, in a clear and forcible manner, the great importance and beneficial tendency of public worship, we will consider the purposes, for which it was instituted by a wise and gracious God. These are three: Man's present and temporal happiness: his spiritual and eternal happiness; and the divine glory.

The peace, the order, and the well-being of society are intended in the Gospel.--The Religion which it exhibits, is profitable unto all things, having the promise of the life that now is, as well as that which is to come. It is calculated, in its whole frame, its duties, doctrines, and ordinances, to secure the rights of man--to promote freedom, to make mankind happy on earth, as well as blessed in heaven. Its tendency to promote our present good deserves to be numbered among its excellencies and the evidences of its divinity. Indeed, rightly understood, there is no part of it, nor any of its duties, but tend to advance our well-being in this world.--If, in other Countries where it is known, it have, in any measure or degree, injured society, the evil is to be imputed not to its nature or original design, but to superstition, or to the corruptions of it. For in many countries where it is known, it has lost its native simplicity and proper glory. It is so disfigured and distorted that, if the first heralds of it, were now to revisit the earth, they would not even know, that what is called the Christian Religion, in some countries, and among some sects, was pretended to be the religion which they preached, and the truth of which, they sealed with their own blood.

If, in other Lands, ecclesiastical tyranny and persecution have reigned, and the rights of conscience have been invaded and trampled upon, still in our country, there is not a single vestige of this. All enjoy universal toleration. Civil government is not incorporated with the Church. In America there is nothing of the nature of a Hierarchy. The religion of Jesus Christ stands upon its own basis. Happy Land! It is our favoured lot, my fellow Christians, to live in a country which has the honor of exhibiting the first instance the world ever saw, of a civil Government established upon the broad basis of equal and universal liberty. Religion sheds indeed a most benign influence on society. Civil government and true liberty receive support and authority from it. It enforces all good laws by the powerful ties of conscience. It breaths forth ardent prayers to almighty God for the tranquillity of the public--for the divine smiles to rest on rulers and ruled--and on all the various orders of the community--that vice and all land-defiling sins may be suppressed--and that the righteousness which exalteth a nation may flourish. Besides one essential part of Religion is morality. There can be no true Religion without morality. And the more morality is taught, recommended and practiced, the more prosperous will be civil society--the more strengthened in its kind purposes will be civil government--the more respected will be the laws against vice and injustice--the more esteemed will be civil rulers--the more sober, regular, and industrious will be the whole mass of the citizens. Public worship may fitly be termed the school of morality.--The weekly instructions, delivered to attentive audiences, on the Lord's day, on the duties of morality, have an unknown effect, an insensible influence upon the general morals of the people. As a people we do not realize the singular temporal blessings derived from public worship. The instructions of God's house tend to enlarge the mind--to promote charity, peace and benevolence, and of course our best temporal interest. They are adapted to soften the heart and liberalize the soul. They adorn the social life; they are well calculated to render man benefit--friendly, and compassionate--diligent in his calling--faithful to his word--punctual in his dealings--sensible to the misfortunes of others--a good Christian--and from a good Christian to a good member of civil society the transition is easy. Were there, as the Atheist pretends to believe, no other world besides this or were death to be the final extinction of the living principle, it would be wise in a people statedly to attend public worship, as an excellent expedient to advance the dearest interests of society.--I have enlarged a little upon this idea, that public worship is designed to promote man's present temporal happiness; because I deem it an important one, and because it is seldom enlarged upon.

To show the greatest importance and beneficial tendency of public worship, some further particulars may be pertinently added. Its happy effects are many and great. Could I describe them, in their beauty and glory, every heart would be warmed, every ear would listen, every tender emotion would be excited.

In general, we may be certain that God would not have ordained public worship, had it not been necessary, useful and wise; had it not been for our good in time, and in Eternity. Neither his wisdom, nor goodness, nor justice, nor mercy would require us to do what would, when done, be of no service or benefit to us in particular, or of any importance to the world at large.--

The duty of public worship, and its beneficial tendency.

MATTHEW iv. 10.

Among all the visible Creatures, it is man's peculiar excellency, that he is capable of considering and worshipping his Maker and was made for that purpose. Your attention is again called therefore to the duty and beneficial tendency of public worship.--We have already largely argued the duty of it from reason and scripture, the two great sources of moral and religious knowledge.--The beneficial tendency of it we urged from a consideration of the purposes, for which it was instituted; which were these three, man's present and temporal happiness:--his future spiritual and eternal happiness: and the divine glory.--Its beneficial tendency we likewise argued from this consideration, that it is an excellent expedient to prevent Religion from being lost in the world. There will never be much serious godliness among any people or in any family, where public worship is lightly esteemed, or generally neglected. For it is an excellent expedient to keep alive on the mind a sense of Religion, and our obligations to a gracious and holy God.

No man who has any just views of the nature and importance of Religion, can be indifferent about the state of it, among those with whom he lives, and in the place where divine providence has cast his lot, and where he expects to spend the remnant of his days. If he desire to have it flourish, to see morality honoured, and the happiness of others increased, he must be a firm friend to the public worship of God. He who treats his Maker with intire neglect, or disowns the obligations he is under to him, will treat his fellow-men with scorn, and make light of the obligations he is under to them. Without public worship God would soon be forgotten, and Religion lost among us. If man be once released from the obligations of Piety, no other will bind them: there will be no mutual trust and confidence among us: yea, society would be dissolved. The fear of God is the principal support of government, and of the peace and good order of the world. The more godliness there is among us, the more honesty, industry, and sobriety there will be. Nothing but religious principles will restrain men from secret wickedness, controul the licentiousness of the Great, who think themselves above law; and curb the wild passions of the people. And as there is no probability that Religion will ever flourish, or even subsist among us, without public worship, it is very desirable it should be constantly and faithfully attended upon for the good of our country; that we may become a sober, virtuous nation, and God may not be provoked, to send upon us destroying judgments, or still more severely chastise us. Let every one then, who wishes well to the interests of his country, shew it, by diligence in attending upon the duties of Piety in God's Courts. We hear many express themselves very high on the subject of honesty and faithfulness to promises. And too much cannot be spoken in praise of these. They are the pillars of public order. But in what way are we to expect, that the great body of people will be honest, sober, industrious, temperate, and faithful? In the omission, or in the practice of the duties of public worship? Can we hope that they will be regular, sober, honest members of civil society, while they despise the duties, which they owe to God, in his sanctuary, on his holy Sabbaths? If we flatter ourselves that this will be the case, we discover our want of wisdom, and a true knowledge of human nature. We may as well look for the streams to flow, when the fountain is dried up. Will the rose blossom and send forth its fragrance, when the root is decayed? some will tell us notwithstanding, that they have constantly attended public worship, for many years together, and still have never found any happy effects either on their minds or lives. They fail not, also, to add that others, in the circle of their acquaintance, are constant in appearing before God in Zion, who are very bad men, who practise all manner of wickedness. To what purpose, they ask, is it, then, to be constant in the duties of public worship on the Sabbath, if the week be spent in dishonesty, idleness, falsehood, and vice?--It would be perfectly safe to risk our cause in an appeal to experience or fact. Let us examine the lives and conduct of those, who make conscience of the duty of public worship, and those who deny or neglect it altogether. Every one who is capable of observation knows the difference. So true is this, that it is a common remark that no one denies or deserts public worship, but he falls into some vice, some scene of iniquity. He has done that which makes him ashamed to see his fellow-men, and join in worshipping God with them. Atheists and Libertines renounce the duty. They reproach it, and display all the bitterness of malice against it. Some, it is granted, are never seen, or seldom seen, within the walls of a Church, who are still honest and upright in their dealings--and against whom the charge of immorality and profaneness cannot be justly laid. Others may omit the duty, through mere sloth or negligence, or some prejudice or pique. But when candor has made this concession, it must stop. I would wish to wound the feelings of no man--much less to bring in a false accusation. However truth is sacred, and must not be given up.--Are not sabbath-breakers--look round and see, and judge righteous judgment, are not neglectors of the duties of Piety in God's house, generally profane and immoral? Do they not too often prove, by their conduct, that they have no principle?

If any still object and say, "I have attended constantly for a succession of years, and have found no real good effect on my heart or conduct. I am as much averse to religion as ever: as dishonest and unjust as ever: as ignorant and blind as ever, having no knowledge of one duty, doctrine, ordinance, or virtue of Religion--as profane, as hard-hearted, as unkind, as brutal in my manners and temper as ever, as intemperate and villainous as ever. I therefore am resolved, I will never go to public worship again. I have gotten no good. Public instructions have never taught me any thing. I know no more of the subject of Religion and morality, than if I had never heard one word about them. I have no more conscience about duty, or seriousness, than if I had never been urged and importuned to become an upright and good man." Is this really the case? Can any one make this confession consistently with truth? If so, your situation is indeed awful and alarming. The tear of commiseration may be shed over you. If you have any sense or reason, you must tremble. An immediate reformation is now incumbent on you. You have not a day or moment to lose. But can you think this a valid objection against the importance and happy advantages of public worship? It is a full proof of your own guilt and iniquity, but no proof against the duty of a constant attendance upon the holy solemnities of Zion. But let me expostulate a moment with you. I feel an uncommon solicitude for you. Give me leave to ask, how do you know that public worship has been of no benefit to you? Can you possibly tell how bad you would have been, or how much more vile and abominable, or ignorant and abandoned, you would have been, than you now are, if you had always refused to attend public worship? You might have been in the midst of almost all evil. You have been under great restraint. If you be not sensible, that you ever received any instruction or one idea of christian doctrine, still you may have acquired much religious knowledge, and gained much strength against temptations and sins, and not be sensible of it. We imperceptibly acquire knowledge and the habits of moral honesty. Perhaps, by attending public worship, you have been saved from those open sins, which would have destroyed your reputation, and ruined you, both for this world and the next. But further, permit me, or rather suffer conscience to do its friendly office, and ask you, if you have never gotten any good at all by public worship, was the fault yours, or was it not? Where is the blame to be fixed? Somewhere it must lie: for it is exceedingly great.--When you have been in God's Sanctuary, did you never hear one proper prayer offered to the throne of grace, did you never hear from any one, a discourse that contained, at least, some moral or religious truth, some really Gospel-doctrine, something to regulate your morals, to enforce duty, to invite you to love, fear, and serve God, to do good to man, and to live a pious and holy life? Is it possible for you to say, you never heard one prayer, or one discourse, that had any truth or knowledge in it? If you have heard both pious prayers, and edifying discourses, what is the reason you have gotten no good? The blame is yours. Have you not been prejudiced? Have you not been careless and inattentive? Have you not been stupid and thoughtless? How unreasonable then is your conduct in objecting against public worship! How foolishly do you act to forsake God in his worshipping Assemblies? A man sick unto death calls an eminent Physician. The Physician repairs in haste to the chamber of the sick. He hears his groans, he critically examines his case. He prescribes the only proper and effectual remedies; and retires. The patient refuses, after viewing them to apply them. But he insists upon it, that the physician is unskillful, and the means ineffectual. The disorder rages: nature yields under its violence, and the poor Sick man dies, because he would not apply the prescribed means. Where is the blame to be charged? Let common sense furnish the answer.

I have now, my Hearers, largely argued the duty and beneficial tendency of public worship. Better reasons I cannot offer. More powerful inducements to a constant attendance upon it, unless real necessity may be pleaded, as your excuse, cannot be laid before you, that are contained in those considerations which prove its beneficial tendency, above illustrated. If by those you will not be convinced, and reformed, if heretofore negligent of the duty, you must remain unconvinced and unreformed. Divine power and grace alone can awaken, convince, and reform you. Remember, if you neglect or deny public worship, you provoke God--you neglect a plain duty--you set a bad example--you dishonor Jesus Christ--you injure religion--you disserve the cause of morality--you contribute your proportion of influence to extirpate from the earth the christian religion--and must be responsible for all the evils you are the occasion of. Let us all, then, make conscience of so plain and so important a duty as public worship, that by it, we may be trained up for the worship of heaven, for THERE, they are before the throne of God and serve him, day and night, in his temple.

The Ordinance of the Lord's Supper not a human invention, but a divine Institution.

MATTHEW xxvi. 26-31.

As worshipping God in more ways than he has appointed, or in unauthorized ways is superstition; so neglecting the ways and ordinances of worship, which he hath most obviously appointed is irreligion. If we refuse, under any pretence whatever, to attend upon that, as DUTY, which he hath most expressly commanded, and which is altogether reasonable in itself, we are guilty of impiety, or despising his authority, breaking his laws, and rising up in rebellion against him; and of course shall be dealt with accordingly. For to retrench is no less criminal than to add. We are as strictly prohibited from taking away from, as adding to, the revealed will of God. The conscientious mind, therefore, would wish above all things to avoid both crimes, taking from or adding to, going beyond or stopping short of duty. To determine which crime of the two is most heinous, is perhaps beyond our abilities. It is enough for us to know that both are very aggravated Sins, and to be avoided with the utmost solicitude.

We should carefully and diligently worship and serve the Lord our Maker, just as he has commanded us, precisely, and not according to any traditions of men, decrees of councils, uninspired canons, or our own vain imaginations. Religious and Gospel-worship and ordinances should be kept, pure and entire, free from all human mixtures and inventions. These are the feelings and views which our Churches profess to entertain--to walk by--and to hold. If in any instances, or degree, we deviate from them, we do it mistakenly--and unintentionally; and therefore we trust, should this be the case, it will not be imputed to us, as a wilful aberration from the original purity and primitive glory of the Gospel. We profess, and wish to take Christ's spiritual and heavenly Religion, just as he, and his Apostles have delivered it to us, in the sacred Volume.--And that we may all be fully and perfectly satisfied, that while remembering the bitter sufferings and agonies of our once crucified, but now risen Redeemer in the sacrament of his supper--in the elements of bread and wine, we are only acting in pious obedience to a plain, positive, and express command, as express as any one can be, of our glorious high Priest, the captain of our salvation.--It is proposed, in the sequel, to--

But the principle design of the present discourse is to prove, from scripture, the reality of such an ordinance, as we call the sacrament of the supper. Is there, then, such an ordinance, in the Christian Church, to be observed by all the followers and disciples of our Lord, in every age and country? If there be not, we are, in our attendance upon it, justly chargeable with adopting human inventions and corruptions. Consequently are guilty of will-worship or superstition. We go beyond what is required of us. We cannot, of course, hope, upon reasonable grounds, for the divine acceptance and approbation. For God is never honored by, or pleased with our religious observances, however seemingly devout or pious we may be, when we presume to offer him, either what he hath not required of us by plain instructions of his own word, or made known to us by the dictates of reason: or when we offer it in the way, which he hath not required. We are to admit as articles of faith all that he hath enjoined, and only what he hath enjoined, and no more. In our practice, as professed christians, we are to do precisely as he hath commanded us. To believe as he tells us, and to do as he bids us, is the chief of religion. As professed followers of the Redeemer of the world, we are to walk in all the ordinances and commandments of the Lord blameless. On the subject of positive duties we are to be guided, in our inquiries, altogether by the revealed will of him, who appoints them.

Having reviewed the scripture account of the Institution of the Lord's Supper, as a standing ordinance, in the Christian Church, to be continued to the end of the world.--We shall, as was proposed, examine

It may be here pertinently added, God has had his sacramental institutions in every age of the world--even, before the FALL of man. In a state of innocence, before the Apostacy, the tree of life was the Sacrament, or standing sign by which Adam was to be confirmed, if he had maintained his integrity.--The Rain-bow, a natural phaenomenon, was expressly appointed by God, as a sacramental sign, by which his covenant with Noah was ratified, and in which he promised that the world should not, a second time, perish with water.--In the Jewish dispensation, the Passover and circumcision were two noted sacramental institutions, by which God's covenant of grace, was confirmed.--And in the last, best, and most perfect dispensation of all, the Gospel, are two most plain and important Sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper.

In all these instances, the wisdom, goodness, condescension and grace of the Supreme Being are remarkably manifested. He considers what we are, weak and frail Creatures. He treats us as being what we are, imperfect Creatures; and hath, in the sacraments, appointed outward signs to assist us in conceiving rightly of divine things, and to move and affect the heart.

Again, from our subject we see how exactly we follow Christ in the way, in which we attend upon the Sacramental Supper. We profess to follow him altogether, and to make nothing essential, which he doth not make essential. Every communicant is left to his own opinion and free liberty to stand, or sit, or kneel, as he conceives is the will of his divine Lord. As our professed aim is to honor God, and Jesus Christ, we endeavour to make the revealed will of our Lord, in this Ordinance, our rule. Did he set apart the sacramental bread by prayer, so do we. Did he do the same as to the Cup, so do we. Did he close all by an hymn of praise, so do we. We close the solemnity by a well adapted religious song of praise to God and the Saviour.--

To conclude all--IN THE ABOVE DISCOURSE, I have endeavoured to plead the honor of the only Saviour in his holy ordinance:--I have enquired what saith the scripture, not what men have said, or Councils decreed. If in any thing I have misapprehended, or misrepresented divine truth, I hope it may be forgiven me by a gracious God; and that all my sins may be washed out, as to their guilt, in the precious blood of that Jesus, whose Religion I solemnly believe to be divine, and on whom I am entirely willing, after the most deliberate examination of his celestial pretensions, to risk my ETERNAL FELICITY.

Baptism by water not a piece of Superstition, but appointed by Jesus Christ.

MATTHEW xxviii.--and this part of the 19 verse.

Every true friend of Christ and his Religion mourns over every departure from the duties he enjoined, the doctrines which he taught, and the Ordinances which he appointed. The more sincere and cordial his friendship, the more dear to him, will be the duties, the doctrines and the institutions of his divine Lord and Master.

Baptism by water not a piece of Superstition, but appointed by Jesus Christ.

MATTHEW xxviii.--and this part of the 19 verse.

I proceed, in this discourse, to lay before the audience a plain account, from scripture, of the Sacrament of Baptism as an ordinance to be observed, in Christ's Church, or the Gospel-kingdom, to the end of the world. This, it will be acknowledged, is a very important and interesting subject. For if there be no such sacrament too long have we, and the christian world, of the various Communions, practised upon it. If there be, we ought to see the scripture-proof of it, and observe it, as we are directed. If it be a human invention or tradition, only a piece of superstition, the sooner the discovery is made the better.--

We finished the former discourse, in taking a concise survey of the numerous texts, which speak of the administration of baptism as an ordinance, in Christ's house, the Church of the living God; or which allude to it, as an established Apostolic practice.--

The arguments in support of the divine rite of baptism, as a Gospel-ordinance, would admit of much more illustration and enlargement--but I pursue the point no further, trusting that the attentive and reflecting hearer hath received full and entire satisfaction from the proofs already offered.

Thessalonica was the Metropolis of that part of antient Greece, now Turkey in Europe, called Macedonia. It was built by Philip of Macedon, Father to Alexander the great, so famous in history, and called Thessalonica, in honor of his victory over the Thessalians. In this renowned City, Paul preached a considerable time, and was greatly successful in spreading among its inhabitants, the truths and glory of the Gospel. From the Jews and proselytes to their faith, and the idolatrous heathen or Gentiles, he collected a Christian Church. The people of this large city were principally heathen, who worshipped them which are by nature no Gods.

After thus introducing the words of the text, what is proposed, is to state the scripture-evidence in favour of the institution of a Gospel-Church.--What is before us, is to prove that it is the WILL of the author of Christianity that, in the New Testament dispensation, there should be particular Gospel Churches.

Among the members of a Gospel-Church there is always supposed a solemn covenant or agreement to walk together in the laws, doctrines, truths and ordinances of Christ, to exercise the discipline of the head of the Church in meekness and love, and to aid one another in the way to eternal blessedness.

The right way to understand the inspired writings.

LUKE xxiv. 45.

You will be pleased to observe also that, besides some doctrines which are beyond our reason, inexplicable difficulties may attend some particular passages of scripture. These difficulties originate not from any defect or impropriety of manner, in which they are expressed; but from our being unacquainted with the customs or usages, to which an allusion is made. These passages are not numerous. And our salvation depends not on our rightly understanding them. No essential duty or doctrine of the Gospel depends on a DOUBTFUL text. What is necessary to instruct us, in things divine, and to guide us safely to God and happiness, through the dangers, snares, and temptations of human life, is clearly made known unto us, and repeatedly urged by all suitable arguments, and the most serious and weighty considerations.

There is a great variety of helps or advantages to gain the right sense and meaning of Scripture, for which we ought to be sincerely thankful, and which we ought most wisely to improve. We can read them in our own language. And by the wise institution of common schools, in our favoured Land, almost all classes of people are able to read them. They have, by a wonderful Providence, been handed down to us pure and uncorrupted to a sufficient degree. Many judicious and excellent Commentaries have been written upon them by pious and able men, which we may consult at pleasure, or as we may have opportunity. And here it would be a criminal omission, not to observe, that public worship on the Lord's day, to which we may constantly repair, is designed to open, explain, and apply them. And when any are in doubt about the true way of worship, or of understanding the Scripture, the regular and appointed Teachers of Religion may be, and ought to be resorted to. For the Priest's lips were to keep knowledge. And they will esteem it a happiness to instruct the unlearned--to confirm the unstable--and to guide the doubtful.--Such people as have a real desire to know the truth, an honest heart to enquire after the right way of the Lord, will not fail to apply and use all these helps. Plain is it, that no person can, with any consistency or honest impartiality, profess to be seeking the true way of the Lord, who doth not use and improve all these helps and advantages.--It may here be remarked, that it is a work of much labour and care, painful study and diligent enquiry to understand the scriptures. Knowledge, whether human or divine, is not easily acquired.--And ignorant and uninformed people are the most confident and self-sufficient.--It is to be regretted that it is so. But fact and experience verify it. Many too, shut their eyes upon the light, through prejudice. Vicious and profane persons hate the light and will not come unto it, lest their deeds should be reproved.

The Gospel to be supported by those who enjoy it.

GALATIANS vi. 6.

The system of doctrines, duties, and ordinances revealed in scripture is exceedingly plain, level to every capacity, and easy to be comprehended. That it is so, is one of its most engaging recommendations. Were it unintelligible, or wrapped up in obscurity and mysticism, this of itself would be a valid plea for rejecting it as an imposture or fraud. So plain is it, in its essential principles, that nothing but a willing mind to hear, receive, and attend to truth and duty is wanting. Were we sincerely and candidly disposed to hear and admit the truth, we should differ but little, in our opinions, about the distinguishing peculiarities and glories of Christian doctrine and practice. The reason, or at least, chief reason, why we omit what is clearly revealed to us as duty by God, is because we in heart are opposed to it. An unwillingness to believe and do, as we are expressly commanded, is the real difficulty in the way of our salvation. This unwillingness at heart puts us upon making objections against a duty, which is clearly revealed, and repeatedly revealed, raises prejudices against it, forms apologies for the omission of it, and sets to work, most vigorously, all the system of the selfish affections. For what we are really and deeply unwilling to do, or wish not to be true, we can easily work ourselves up to disbelieve.

In the sequel, I shall attempt to offer the scripture-arguments

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