Read Ebook: The Engineer's Sketch-Book Of Mechanical Movements Devices Appliances Contrivances and Details Employed in the Design and Construction of Machinery for Every Purpose Classified & Arranged for Reference for the Use of Engineers Mechanical Draughtsmen Manag by Barber Thomas Walter

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Ebook has 534 lines and 61711 words, and 11 pages

Balance weights 54, 258 20 Ball and socket joints 12, 248 4 Beam-engines, types of 80, 270 32 Bearings 102, 282 46 Bearings, relieving pressure on 152, 306 70 Bed-plates, foundations, and framing of machines 22, 250 8 Belt gearing 12, 248 3 Belt pulleys 12, 248 3 Blowing and exhausting 20, 250 7 Boilers, types of 16, 250 6 Bolts, &c. 168, 310 78 Boring, drilling, &c. 72, 270 30 Brakes and retarding appliances 14, 248 5

Cams, tappets, and wipers 24, 250 9 Carriages, cars, &c. 32, 252 12 Centres 164, 308 77 Centrifugal force, applications of 38 14 Chains, links, and couplings 30, 252 11 Chopping, slicing, and mincing 68, 264 27 Chucks, grips, and holders 68, 264 28 Circular and reciprocating motion 56, 258 21 Clutches 40, 254 15 Compensating and balance weights 54, 258 20 Concentrated power 62, 260 22 Concentrating and separating 66, 264 26 Condensing and cooling 66, 264 25 Connecting rods and links 42, 254 17 Contracting and expanding 84, 272 36 Conveying messages, &c. 52 19 Conveying motion to movable parts 62, 260 23 Conveyors 128, 298 57 Cotters, &c. 86, 274 37 Couplings 42, 254 16 Couplings for shafting 42, 254 16 Covers, doors, &c. 242, 332 106 Cranes, types of 46, 256 18 Cranks and eccentrics 28, 252 10 Crushing, rolling, and disintegrating 36, 254 13 Curves, apparatus for drawing 224, 330 98 Cushioning 72, 268 29 Cutting tools 64, 260 24

Differential gear 74, 270 31 Disintegrating 36, 254 13 Doors, covers, manholes 242, 332 106 Drawing and rolling metals, &c. 234, 332 101 Drawing curves, &c., apparatus for 224, 330 98 Drilling, boring, &c. 72, 270 30

Eccentrics 28, 252 10 Elastic wheels 84 35 Elliptical motion 82, 272 34 Engines and boilers combined, types of 82 33 Engines, types of 76, 270 32 Exhausting and blowing 20, 250 7 Expanding and contracting devices 84, 272 36

Fastening wheels to shafts 86, 274 37 Feed gear 334 107 Filtering 334 108 Foundations and framing 22, 250 8 Friction gear 88, 276 38

Gear, differential 74, 270 31 Gear, friction 88, 276 38 Gear, reversing 158, 308 74 Gear, rope 146, 302 66 Gear, valve 172, 312 79 Gearing, belt 12, 248 3 Gearing, toothed 186, 318 84 Gearing, various devices in 92, 278 40 Governing and regulating speed, power, &c. 96, 280 41 Grips and holders 68, 264 28 Guides, slides, &c. 90, 276 39

Handles, &c. 220, 328 97 Heating appliances 234 100 Hinges and joints 116, 292 50 Holders and grips 68, 264 28 Hooks, swivels, &c. 98, 280 43 Hydraulic multiplying gear 96 42

Jets, nozzles, &c. 102, 282 45 Joints and hinges 116, 292 50 Journals, bearings, pivots, &c. 102, 282 46

Keys, cotters, pins, &c. 86, 274 37

Levelling and plumbing 122 52 Levers 108, 286 48 Links 30, 252 11 Locking devices 110, 288 49 Lowering 148, 304 69 Lubricators 120, 294 51

Marine engines, types of 236 103 Materials of construction 224, 330 99 Measuring and weighing 214, 326 92 Mechanical powers 122 53 Messages, conveying 52 19 Mincing 68, 264 27 Mixing and incorporating 122, 294 54 Motive power 136, 300 60 Movable parts, conveying motion to 62, 260 23 Multiplying gear--hydraulic 96 42

Nozzles and jets 102, 282 45

Packings, joints, stuffing-boxes, &c. 132, 298 58 Parallel motions 124, 296 55 Pawl and ratchet motions, intermittent motion 140, 300 62 Pins, &c. 164, 308 77 Pipes and conveyors 128, 298 57 Pivots 102, 282 46 Plate work 106, 286 47 Plumbing and levelling 122 52 Power and speed, to vary 146 64 Power, motive 136, 300 60 Power, reservoirs of 147 67 Power, transmission of 192, 320 85 Pressing 144, 302 63 Propulsion 134, 300 59 Pumping and raising water 124, 296 56 Pumping engines, types of 138 61

Quick return motions 146 65

Rails and tramroads 156, 308 73 Raising and lowering weights 148, 304 69 Raising water--pumping 124, 296 56 Ratchet and pawl motions 140, 300 62 Reciprocating and circular motion 148 68 Regulating and governing 96, 280 41 Relieving pressure on bearings 152, 306 70 Reservoirs of power, accumulators 147 67 Retarding appliances 14, 248 5 Reversing gear 158, 308 74 Riddling and screening 154 72 Rope, belt, and chain pulleys 152, 306 71 Rope gearing 146, 302 66 Rolling and drawing 234, 332 101 Rotary engines 160, 308 75

Valve gear 172, 312 79 Valves and cocks 198, 324 89 Valves, starting 184 83 Variable motion and power 194, 320 88

Washing 216, 328 94 Water-pressure engines 216 93 Water-wheels and turbines 208, 326 90 Weighing and measuring, indicating pressure 214, 326 92 Wheels, elastic 84 35 Wheels, fastening to shafts 86, 274 37 Wheels in segments 212, 326 91 Windmills and feathering wheels 218, 328 95 Winding apparatus 220, 328 96 Wipers 24, 250 9

SECTIONS 1-106.

Section 1.--ANCHORING.

Stakes, with or without flanges, vertical or horizontal, are sometimes employed, the flanges taking the cross strain of the ties, &c. Fencing posts, gate posts, tree stakes, and tennis poles are of this class.

Section 2.--ADJUSTING DEVICES.

For adjustment by Screws, see Section 78, and by Wedges, see Section 36, These are the commonest appliances employed. For Cams also, see Section 9. For adjusting Pedestal Brasses, see Section 46.

For adjustments by keys, cotters, &c., see Section 37. See also Nos. 251, 269, and 297.

Adjustable Crane Balance Weights, Section 18.

Adjustable ~V~-guides, Nos. 700 and 704.

Section 3.--BELT GEARING.

Materials employed are:--Leather, cotton, guttapercha, indiarubber, canvas, camel-hair, catgut, flat wire or hemp rope, steel bands, flat chains, &c.

Belts are frequently arranged to pass under and over several pulleys so as to drive several shafts by one belt.

For reversing by belt gear, see Section 74. Gut bands are worked over ~V~-grooved pulleys; see Rope Gearing, Section 66. Belts may be kept tight by tightening pulleys, see No. 1207. For round belts, see Rope Gearing, Section 66. ~V~-belts are occasionally used, formed of thicknesses of leather riveted together, cut to a ~V~-section, and worked over ~V~-grooved pulleys.

Section 4.--BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS.

Gas pendants are suspended with a joint similar to No. 31, but the ball, having only a restricted angular motion, is cut down to a segment only.

Section 5.--BRAKES AND RETARDING APPLIANCES.

To retard or arrest motion .

An hydraulic cylinder and piston is frequently used as a brake or retarding device for reciprocating motion, the water passing from one side of the piston to the other, through an adjustable valve. Friction brakes are employed as dynamometers to indicate the power given off or absorbed by any piece of machinery. Automatic brakes are used for hoisting machinery, &c.

Brushes, formed of stiff bristles or wire, are used as a retarding device for circular or rectilinear motion.

Section 6.--TYPES OF BOILERS.

Vessels or containers of every conceivable shape have been used as boilers. Many of the older types are now obsolete, but the following are these most commonly used:--

VERTICAL BOILERS.

HORIZONTAL BOILERS.

MARINE BOILERS.

The foregoing box patterns are rapidly going out of use, as unsuitable for the higher pressures prevailing with compound engines.

HOUSEHOLD BOILERS.

The last four are types of the greenhouse boilers most in use. They are usually of wrought iron, and all seams welded.

Section 7.--BLOWING AND EXHAUSTING.

Some of the mechanical blowers are too well known to need illustration here; such are the ordinary Beam Blowing Engine, as in use for blast furnaces, Vertical Blowing Engine, and Horizontal Blowing Engine. In all these a cylinder and piston form the blowing device. Nearly every form of rotary engine may, by reversal, be converted into a blowing machine. See Root's patent, No. 1307; Baker's, 1325, and others in common use. Fans, centrifugal, are still the commonest blowing machines, and are especially suited for light pressures and large volumes of air; but for pressures of from ?/? lb. per square inch and upwards, the rotary or cylinder types are best. The following are devices not so well known, but sometimes useful:--

The valves used for bellows are plain flap valves faced with leather similar to No. 1619.

Section 8.--BEDPLATES, FOUNDATIONS, AND FRAMING OF MACHINES.

Square or rectangular bedplates are usually of similar sections, stiffened with ribs underneath, and generally cast in one piece.

Wrought-iron is becoming much more largely employed for the framing of general machinery than heretofore, and it is customary in many cases to supplement a cast iron base or frame with wrought iron or steel bars.

Section 9.--CAM, TAPPET, AND WIPER GEAR.

For producing, from plain circular, or reciprocating motion, variable speed or motion, also intermittent and every kind of irregular motion. Cams are either open or covered. Nos. 131, 132, and 133 are open cams; Nos. 137 and 138, covered cams.

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