Read Ebook: The Vegetable; or From President to Postman by Fitzgerald F Scott Francis Scott

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Dicotyledonous, Polypetalous.

Dilleniaceae--Tetracera macrophylla 17-18 Magnoliaceae--Illicium anisatum, Michelia Champaca 18-20 Anonaceae--Artabotrys odoratissimus, Anona squamosa, A. reticulata, A. muricata 20-22 Menispermaceae--Tinospora crispa, Anamirta Cocculus, Cissampelos Pareira 22-27 Nymphaeaceae--Nymphaea Lotus, Nelumbium nucifera 27-28 Papaveraceae--Argemone Mexicana 29-30 Cruciferae--Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus 30-31 Capparidaceae--Cleome viscosa, Crataeva religiosa 31-32 Bixineae--Bixa Orellana, Pangium edule 32-34 Portulacaceae--Portulaca oleracea 34 Guttiferae--Garcinia mangostana, G. venulosa, G. Cambogia, G. morella, Ochrocarpus pentapetalus, Calophyllum Inophyllum, Mesua ferrea 35-40 Dipterocarpeae--Dipterocarpus turbinatus 40-42 Malvaceae--Sida carpinifolia, Abutilon Indicum, Urena sinuata, Hibiscus Abelmoschus, H. tiliaceus, H. Rosa-Sinensis, Thespesia populnea, Gossypium herbaceum, Bombax malabaricum, Eriodendron anfractuosum 42-51 Sterculiaceae--Sterculia foetida, S. urens, Kleinhovia hospitata, Helicteres Isora, Abroma fastuosa, Theobroma Cacao 51-57 Geraniaceae--Oxalis corniculata, Biophytum sensitivum, Averrhoa Bilimbi, A. Carambola 58-61 Rutaceae--Ruta graveolens, Xanthoxylum oxyphyllum, Murraya exotica, M. Koenigi, Citrus acida, Bigaradia decumana, AEgle decandra, Feronia elephantum 61-70 Simarubaceae--Samadera Indica 71-72 Burseraceae--Garuga pinnata, Canarium commune 72-75 Meliaceae--Melia Azedarach, Dysoxylum Blancoi, Sandoricum Indicum, Carapa Moluccensis, Cedrela Toona 75-80 Celastraceae--Celastrus paniculata 80-81 Rhamnaceae--Zizyphus Jujuba, Rhamnus Wightii 81-82 Anacardiaceae--Mangifera Indica, Anacardium occidentale, Odina Wodier 82-86 Moringeae--Moringa pterygosperma 86-88 Leguminosae --Agati grandiflora, Abrus precatorius, Mucuna pruriens, Erythrina Indica, Clitoria ternatea, Pterocarpus santalinus, P. Indicus, P. erinaceus, Pongamia glabra 88-95 Leguminosae --Caesalpinia Bonducella, C. Sappan, C. pulcherrima, Cassia fistula, C. occidentalis, C. alata, Tamarindus Indica, Bauhinia malabarica 96-106 Leguminosae --Entada scandens, Parkia Roxburghii, Acacia Farnesiana 106-109 Crassulaceae--Kalanchoe laciniata 109-110 Combretaceae--Terminalia Catappa, T. Chebula, Quisqualis Indica 110-113 Myrtaceae--Psidium pomiferum, Eugenia Jambolana 113-116 Melastomaceae--Melastoma malabatrichum 116-117 Lythraceae--Ammannia vesicatoria, Lawsonia alba, Punica Granatum 117-122 Onagraceae--Jussiaea suffruticosa 122-123 Passifloraceae--Carica Papaya 123-127 Cucurbitaceae--Trichosanthes palmata, T. anguina, T. cucumerina, Lagenaria vulgaris, var. Gourda, var. courgourda, var. clavata, Luffa AEgyptiaca, Momordica balsamina, M. charanta, Citrullus Colocynthis 127-134 Ficoideae--Trianthema monogyna 134 Umbelliferae--Hydrocotyle Asiatica, Carum copticum, Foeniculum vulgare, Coriandrum sativum 134-138 Cornaceae--Alangium Lamarkii 138-139

Dicotyledonous, Gamopetalous.

Monocotyledons.

Musaceae--Musa paradisiaca, M. sapientum 227-228 Zingiberaceae--Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Elettaria Cardamomum 228-231 Amaryllidaceae--Crinum Asiaticum 231-232 Liliaceae--Aloes Barbadensis, Allium sativum, A. Cepa 232-234 Palmae--Areca Catechu, Cocos nucifera, Nipa fruticans 234-238 Cyperaceae--Cyperus rotundus 239 Gramineae--Zea Mays, Andropogon Schoenanthes, Saccharum officinarum, Oriza 240-243 Bambuseae 243-244

EXPLANATION.

For the common words of the different Filipino dialects I have adopted the orthography which in my various treatises on those dialects I have demonstrated to be the easiest, most rational and convenient. I should be inconsistent as to my own theories and convictions if I continued to follow the old form of spelling. For the benefit of those who are not familiar with the matter I will state that the consonants are pronounced as follows:

g always as in get. h gutturalized aspirate. k as in English. w always as initial w in English, win, wan. ng as ng in sing, hung, etc.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Bic.--Bicol. Eng.--English. Iloc.--Ilocan. Indo-Eng.--Indo-English. Pam.--Pampango. Pan.--Pangasinan. Sp.--Spanish. Sp.-Fil.--Spanish-Filipino. Tag.--Tagalog. Vis.--Viscayan.

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

DICOTYLEDONOUS, POLYPETALOUS.

DILLENIACEAE.

Dose.--In infusion for internal use, 4 grams of wood to 1 liter of water; as a gargle, 10 to 15 grams to the liter.

Botanical Description.--A shrub with leaves alternate, oval, serrate, finely dentate with very short and stiff hairs. Flowers of a strong, rather agreeable odor, axillary, in panicles. Calyx, 4 sepals. Corolla, 4 petals. Stamens indefinite, expanding at the upper end and bearing 2 anthers. Carpels 3, with ovules indefinite in two series. Seeds with red arils.

Habitat.--In the vicinity of Manila. Blooms in July.

MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia Family.

Uses.--Although this plant does not grow in the Philippines, the use of its fruit is so common there that it demands a place in this work. It is employed chiefly as a condiment in the preparation of food, and its essential oil is used to prepare the native "anise cordial" by mixing it with alcohol obtained from the palm or from sugar cane.

The decoction of the fruit is given after meals as a tea-like beverage, to aid digestion or for its carminative effect in flatulent colic.

Star anise has an aromatic taste, slightly bitter and acrid, and a very marked perfume of anise which with its star-like form gives the plant one of its names. It is a very useful stimulant, tonic, stomachic and carminative.

It is official in all Pharmacopoeias and the pericarp is the part employed.

The dose is from 1 to 2 grams to 100 of water in infusion, to be taken in one draught.

According to Schlegel it contains the following substances: An essential oil 4.675; a green waxy material which melts at 51?, a resin, a gum and saponin. The essential oil is identical with that of anise from which it is impossible to distinguish it chemically. The only difference is that the former has a blander odor and solidifies at 1?.25 instead of 10?, as does the oil of anise.

Botanical Description.--The plant grows in the mountains of Yunnan, China, and in Tonquin. The part used in the Philippines is the fruit, being indeed the only part known here. This is composed of 8 woody follicles arranged about a central column in the form of a star. These follicles open at maturity and reveal the seeds, which are shining, smooth, ovoid, hard, of a pretty chestnut-red color. In the Philippines they are sold even in the smallest food-vending shops.

Uses.--The bark of the trunk is well known as a febrifuge and emmenagogue in India. It is slightly bitter and aromatic. Dr. H. Folliat has used it with success in the Island of Mauritius in the treatment of the common intermittent fevers; he administered the infusion --or the decoction ; boil till reduced to 600 cc.--giving a wine-glassful every hour just before and after the paroxysm.

An astringent decoction made from the leaves is used as a gargle in sore throat. The root is emmenagogue and the seeds are used in the treatment of anal fissure.

Botanical Description.--A tree 15-18? high; leaves alternate, 6 x 2', stipulate, simple. Flowers fragrant, saffron-colored, hermaphrodite, solitary and axillary. The receptacle, conical at its base, becomes narrow, lengthens and then enlarges, forming a column which is bare at its narrow part. At its base is inserted the perianth composed of 6 overlapping leaflets arranged in two series. Stamens indefinite, fixed in the base of the column of the receptacle on the superior portion of which are inserted the ovaries which contain many ovules arranged in two vertical series.

Habitat.--Common in all parts .

ANONACEAE.

Custard-Apple Family.

Botanical Description.--A tree 15-18? high with leaves alternate, lanceolate, glabrous, and petioles very short. Flowers very sweet, axillary, solitary. Petals 6, fleshy, concave at the base. Stamens indefinite, closely packed, overlapping. Peduncle curved like a crook.

Habitat.--Cultivated in gardens.

Uses.--The fruit of the mature ates is edible and is one of the most delicious that grows in the Philippines; its white and delicately perfumed pulp has a delicious flavor. The unripe fruit is exceedingly astringent. The fermented juice of the ripe pulp is used in certain parts of America to prepare a popular drink. The powdered seeds make a useful parasiticide especially when used on the scalp, but it is necessary to avoid getting any of the drug in the eyes on account of its irritant effect.

Botanical Description.--Tree 8 or 9? high with leaves alternate, oblong, the edges pubescent. Flowers greenish-yellow, axillary, solitary; peduncle not curved. Petals 6, convergent. Stamens crowded, indefinite. Fruit fleshy, covered with scales or rather rounded tubercles; beneath is the white and fragment pulp, covering the long-oval seeds.

Uses.--The fruit of this species is neither as much prized nor as abundant in the Philippines as that of the ates. When unripe it possesses the same properties as the latter. The large proportion of tannin which both species contain in their unripe state, makes them very useful in treating diarrhoea and dysentery. They are administer

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