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CAUSES OF POPULAR DELUSION.

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European Misconception of the Negro--Monarchical Hostility to American Institutions--Imposture or Delusion of Wilberforce--False Issue of a Single Human Race--Dictation of European Writers--Subserviency of the American Mind 17

LAWS OF ORGANIZATION.

Divisions of the Organic World--Each Form of Being an Independent Creation--Harmony in the Economy of Animal Life--The Races specifically different from each other--A Single Species Impossible--Fallacies of Linnaeus and other European Naturalists--Ignorance of Educated Men on this Subject 34

THE HUMAN CREATION.

Subdivisions of Mankind--The Different Races of Men--Characteristics of each--The Caucasian--The Mongolian--The Malay--The Aboriginal American--Caucasian Remains in Mexico--The Esquimaux--The Negro Race; its Origin; Observations of Livingston, Garth, and others--Hybrids confounded with the Typical Negro--The Dogma of a Single Race--Mankind Created in Groups--The Bible Aspect of the Question--Inconsistency of the Advocates of the Single Race Theory 44

HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

Origin of the Caucasian Race--Bible Accounts--Invasion of Egypt by the Master Race--The Caucasians in Assyria, Persia, and Babylon--Origin of the Mongolians--The Use of the Term "Barbarian"--The History of the Greeks--Not the Authors of Political Liberty--Athens not a Democracy--The Roman Republic and Empire--Citizenship a Privilege, not a Right--The Advent of Christianity the Advent of Democracy--The Dark Ages--The Races that Figured in that Era--The Crusades--The Asiatic Invasion--The Carthaginians--The Arabs--The Downfall of the Roman Empire--The Reformation--All the Numerous Varieties of the White Race Subsiding into Three Well-known Families, the Celtic, the Teutonic and Sclavonic--General Review--The Intellectual Powers of the White Race the same in all Ages--Knowledge only Progressive--The Inferior Races Incapable of Acquiring and Transmitting Knowledge--The Chinese no Exception 63

COLOR.

The Cause of Color Unknown--The Caucasian Color the Index of the Character; the Contrary the Case with the Negro Race--The Black Complexion a Sign of Inferiority--Misuse of the term "Colored Man" 88

FIGURE.

Differences in Form--The Negro Incapable of Standing Upright--Other Marks of Inferiority--The Relative Approximation of the Ourang-Outang to the Negro and the Caucasian 92

THE HAIR.

The Hair of the Caucasian and Negro Contrasted--The Beard of the Caucasian indicative of Superiority--The Negro and other Races have not the Flowing Beard of the Caucasian 98

THE FEATURES.

The Features the True Reflex of the Inner Nature--Variations of Size, Outlines, Complexion, etc., of the Caucasian Race--Resemblance of Negroes to each other in Size and Appearance--Inability of the Negro Features to express the Emotional Feelings peculiar to the Caucasian, etc., etc. 105

LANGUAGE.

Divided into two Portions--First Capacity of Expression--Second Arrangement into Parts of Speech--All Beings have a Language, each Specific and in Accordance with its Organism--The Vocal Organs of the Negro--No Negro can Speak the Language of the White Man Correctly--Negroes can be Distinguished by their Voices--A Negro Musical Artist Unknown--Musical Genius Requires a Brain of Corresponding Complexity--The Negro's Love of Music merely Sensuous, and Manifested by the Feet as much as by the Brain 109

THE SENSES.

Organism of the Senses--Their Strength and Acuteness in Inferior Races--The Cause of Negro Indolence Explained--The Necessity of Governing the Negro--Incapacity of the "Free Negro" to Produce Sufficient for his own Support--His Ultimate Extinction Simply a Question of Time--Incapacity of the Negro for the Higher Branches of Mechanism--Effect of Flogging on the Negro Senses, etc., etc. 115

THE BRAIN.

Erroneous Impressions Relative to the Brain--What Constitutes the Brain--Its Size the True Test of Intelligence--General Uniformity of the Negro Brain--Its Correspondence with the Body--Its Size, when Compared with that of the White Man--The Folly and Impiety of Attempting to Equalize those whom God has made Unequal, etc. 123

GENERAL SUMMARY.

Recapitulation and Review of the Outward Characteristics of the Negro--Color, etc., seen to be only a Single Fact out of the Millions of Facts separating Races--Inner Qualities necessarily Correspondent with the Outward ones--Conclusion 132

HYBRIDISM.

The Laws of Interunion fully Explained--A fixed and well-defined Limit to Mulattoism--Prostitution in the North, and Mulattoism in the South--Amalgamation and its Consequences--The Physiological Laws governing Mulattoism and Mongrelism--Condition of the Negro in Jamaica, Hayti, etc.--The Negro, when Isolated, certain to Relapse into his Original Barbarism--Intellectual Difference between Negroes and Mulattoes--The Viciousness and Cowardice of the Mongrel--His Low Grade of Vitality, etc., etc. 143

THE "SLAVE TRADE," OR THE IMPORTATION OF NEGROES.

General Review of the Subject--The Absurdity of Attempting to Civilize Africa--The Adaptability of the Negro to Tropical Labor--Las Casas and the Negroes and Indians--How the Spanish Government conducted "the Slave Trade"--Its Inhumanity, as practiced by the Dutch and English--The Benefits of the Original "Slave Trade"--The Reason why England is so Anxious to Abolish "Slavery," etc., etc. 168

NORMAL CONDITION OF THE NEGRO.

The Law of Adaptation--The Natural Relation of Men to Animals, of Parents to Offspring, of Men of the Same Species to Each Other--American Institutions based on the Natural Relations, or the Natural Equality of the Race--Political Equality the Normal Order of the White Man--Disregard of the Natural Relations in Europe--Repression of the Natural Order--Result of the Employment of Force to Preserve the Existing Condition--Popular Ignorance of the Relations of Races--Juxtaposition of White Men and Negroes--Natural Inferiority and Social Subordination of the latter--The Natural, or Uneducated Negro of Africa, compared with the Civilized Negro of America--Free Negroism a Social Disease--Social Subordination, with the Protection of the White Man, the Normal Condition of the Negro 179

CHATTELISM.

Historic Slavery--Its Origin--Its Character--All White People--Often Highly Educated Men--Their Abject Dependence on the Will or Caprice of the Owner--Their Incapacity to Propagate Themselves--Their Restoration to Citizenship, etc.--Nothing whatever in Common with the Social Subordination of Negroes in our Time--The Industrial Capacity of the Negro all that the Master owns--Care and Kindness of the Master--Rapid Increase of the Negro Population when in their Normal Condition, etc. 204

EDUCATION OF NEGROES.

The Education of the Negro should be in Harmony with his Wants and Mental Capacity--The Folly of Attempting to Educate the Negro as we do the Caucasian--The Negro always a Child in Intellect--The Duty of the Master to set his "Slave" a Good Example--The Imitative Faculty of the Negro mistaken for Intelligence, etc. 215

THE DOMESTIC AFFECTIONS.

Love of the Caucasian Mother for her Offspring--Relative Capacity of White and Black Children--The Negress, after a certain period, loses all Love for, or Interest in, her Offspring--Affection for his Master the Strongest Feeling of which the Negro is capable, etc., etc. 223

MARRIAGE.

The Idea that Marriage does not Exist among "Slaves" Repugnant to the Northern Mind--Its Effect on Increasing the Anti-Slavery Delusion--New England Women--Their Domestic Education Admirable--Their Mistake as to the Facts of Marriage at the South--Their Southern Sisters--What is Marriage?--Not Simply a Civil Contract--A Natural Relation--The Love of Negroes Impulsive and Capricious 233

CLIMATIC AND INDUSTRIAL ADAPTATION.

How the Earth is Divided--Its Fauna and Flora--All Organized Beings have their Centres of Existence peculiar to Themselves--No such thing as the Creation of the same Species in Different Centres of Life--The more elevated the Organism, the less subject to External Circumstances--Incapacity of the Negro to Live in Northern Latitudes--Their Miserable Condition and Rapid Extinction in Canada--Industrial Adaptation of the Caucasian to Intemperate Latitudes--Why white Labor is worth more than that of the Negro at the North--Industrial Adaptation of the Negro to Tropical and Tropicoid Products--Absurdity of the Ordinance of 1787--The Acquisition of Southern Territory always saves the North from so-called Negro Slavery--"Extension of Slavery" vital to both White and Black--Absolute Necessity of Negro Labor in the Tropics--Production, and therefore Civilization, otherwise Impossible 245

NORTH AND SOUTH--THE ORIGIN OF THE AMERICAN IDEA OF GOVERNMENT.

The Progenitors of our so-called Slaves, though mainly Imported at the North, ultimately found their way South--Difference between the Early Colonists of both Sections of the Country--Virginia Mainly Settled by the Cavaliers--The Southern Leaders the Originators and Upholders of our Present System of Government--The Presence of the Negro, in his Natural Condition, conducive to the Equality of White Men--The Harmony of Southern Society--The Interests of "Slaveholder" and "Non-Slaveholder," and of Master and "Slave" are Indivisible--The Presence of the Negro in his Normal Condition the Happiest Event in Human Affairs, etc. 270

THE ALLIANCE OF NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PRODUCERS.

The Antagonism of Ideas after the Constitution was formed--The Two Opposing Leaders, Hamilton and Jefferson, in Washington's Cabinet--Hamilton's Financial Policy Wrong--The British System--The Alien and Sedition Laws--British "Liberty"--Conflict of Labor and Capital--The Producing Classes at the North without Leaders--The Wealth and Power in the hands of the Federalists--At the South the Slaveholders were Producers--Mr. Jefferson's Declaration that they were the Allies of the Northern Laborers True--The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 the True Exposition of our Federal System--Civil Revolution of 1800 293

THE FUTURE OF THE NEGRO.

The Number of Negroes on this Continent--The "Free" Negro--Impossibility of his Living out the Life of the White Man--The "Free" Negroes of Virginia and Maryland--The Drawback of the "Free" Negro Population--Its Dangerous Elements--Its Immoral Character--Its Tax on the Laboring Classes--Its Ultimate Extinction--Slavery in Brazil and Cuba--The White Man Degraded there--Social Danger--Tropical Civilization--Intellect of the White Man, and the Labor of the Negro Essential to it--The Condition of Jamaica--White Blood being Extinguished--The Tendency of the British System to Force Negroes to a Forbidden Level with White Men--Negro Officials--Knighting a Negro--The Effect of Legal and Social Equality--The Extinction of the White Race in the West Indies only a Question of Time--The Negro Returning to Savagism--Hayti--Terrible Results of the British Anti-Slavery Policy--An African Heathenism in America 309

CONCLUSION.

Review of the Subject--Juxtaposition with the Subordinate Race has Originated New Ideas in the Master Race, and Rendered Republican Liberty Practicable--Beneficent Union of Capital and Labor in the South--A Southern Majority and Northern Minority have Acquired all the Territory, Fought all the Battles, and Conducted the Nation in every Step of its Growth, since its Foundation to the Present Time--The Acquisition of the Gulf States has Secured Equal Rights to the Masses at the North--Final Acquisition of Cuba, Central America, etc., Essential to the National Development--Extension of so-called Slavery a Vital Law of National Existence, and Absolutely Essential to American Civilization 336

The words "slave" and "slavery" were scarcely heard a hundred years ago, as indeed they will be unheard a hundred years hence; and prior to the Revolution of 1776, the people of America were quite unconscious of that mighty "evil," now so oppressive to many otherwise sensible minds, though this imaginary slavery then spread over the whole continent. All new communities are distinguished by a certain advance in civilization over the elder ones, however rude the former may appear in some respects, or whatever may be the over-refinement, or seeming refinement, of the latter. Truth lives forever--"the eternal years of God are hers;" and all real knowledge, all true progress made by the race, is treasured up, and carried with it in all its wanderings, whether from the Nile to the Tiber, or from the Thames to the Hudson; while the errors, the foolish traditions and vicious habits, mental and moral, that gather about it, and weaken, and sometimes so overlie and conceal the truth as to render it useless, are left behind. We see this even in our own energetic and progressive society. The younger States are the most enlightened States; and the West, whatever may be its wants, or supposed wants among a certain class, is really more civilized than the East. That community which is the most prosperous--where there is the greatest amount of happiness--where there is relatively the greatest number of independent citizens--is per se and of necessity the most civilized; for the end of existence, the object of the All-wise and beneficent Creator--happiness for His creatures--is here most fully accomplished.

And when we contemplate the history of this continent, and compare the character of the early colonists, their history, and their influence over the present condition of things, it will be found that they remained stationary in exact proportion as they clung to the ideas and habitudes of the Old World; or advanced towards a better and higher condition just as they cast off these influences, and lived in natural accord with the circumstances that surrounded them. The Spanish conquerors were often the pets and favorites of the court, and always the faithful sons of the Church, and brought with them the pomps and vanities of the former, and the rigid ecclesiastical observances of the latter. When Cortez and Pizzaro took possession of a province, they pompously paraded the titles and dignities of the emperor before the wondering savages, and added vast multitudes of "Christian converts" to "Holy Church" with a zeal and fervor that the Beechers and Cheevers of our times might envy, but surely could not equal. The English colonists, on the contrary, were almost all disaffected, or at all events, were charged with disaffection to the mother country. This, it is true, was masked under religious beliefs and scruples of conscience, but was none the less hostile to the political order under which they had been persecuted and suffered so long. As soon, therefore, as they found themselves in a New World, and relieved from the tyranny of the Old, they abandoned, to a great extent, the forms, as they already had abandoned many of the ideas, of the latter. They recognized the nominal sovereignty of the mother country, or rather of the Crown; but from the landing at Jamestown, as well as at Plymouth, all the British colonists really governed themselves, made their own laws, provided for their own safety, and, except the governor, and occasionally some subordinate officials, elected their own rulers. The result was a corresponding prosperity; for not only did the discipline of self-reliance strengthen the character, and call out a higher phase of citizenship among the English colonists, but in casting off the habitudes of the old societies, and adopting those that were suited to the circumstances surrounding them, they soon exhibited a striking contrast to those of Spain and of other European powers, who clung to the ideas and habits of Europe.

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