Read Ebook: The Girl's Own Paper Vol. VIII No. 372 February 12 1887 by Various

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THE ORPHAN OF THE TEMPLE.

Those who would follow the story of the dark days in the Temple, can do so best by the perusal of the record left by Madame Royale herself. Written with an almost naive simplicity, it is touching in the highest degree, while incidentally it affords graphic pictures of the various members of the royal family.

Here, for instance, is Marie Antoinette sketched to the life. "Her calm contempt and her dignified air generally struck them with respect. They seldom ventured to speak to her."

"We passed the entire day together," writes the princess. "My father gave a lesson in geography to my brother; my mother made him read some pages of history, and learn some verses, and my aunt gave him a lesson in arithmetic. My father was so fortunate as to find a library which gave him occupation; my mother employed her time in working embroidery.... My aunt spent the greater part of her time in praying, and always read the prayers of the day. She read a great number of books of piety, which my mother frequently requested her to read aloud."

Every day exposed the prisoners to fresh insults.

"Antoinette pretends to be proud," said Rocher, one of their guards, "but I have brought her pride down. She, her daughter, and Elizabeth bow as they pass me, in spite of themselves. They must bend to me, for I keep the wicket low. Every night I puff my smoke into the eyes of Elizabeth as she passes." "Ca ira" was sung under the King's windows, and he was openly threatened from time to time with death. After the end of September he was separated from his family, and they were only allowed to meet at meals. At these times they were only permitted to converse in a loud tone, and in French, and Madame Elizabeth was severely rebuked by one of the guards because she spoke to her brother in a low voice.

In December and January came the King's trial and condemnation. The agony of these days of suspense to the Queen, her sister, and her children, cannot be described. When the fatal sentence was pronounced, they were allowed one parting interview. The story of that farewell has often been told. It lasted for nearly two hours and a half. When the moment of separation came, Madame Royale swooned at her father's feet, and had to be borne away by the faithful Cl?ry, from whom she was snatched by one of the municipal officers, who carried her roughly to her room. All the night she fell from one swoon to another, and her aunt only left her to prostrate herself before the crucifix in an agony of prayer.

"The Queen had scarcely strength sufficient left to undress my brother and put him to bed. She herself lay down in her clothes, and all night long we could hear her shivering with cold and anguish." The King had promised to see them again in the morning, but he deemed it better not to expose them to the further ordeal. The beat of the drums and the shouts of the people told them that all was over.

"Nothing succeeded in calming the anguish of my mother," writes Madame Royale; "life or death had become indifferent to her. She sometimes gazed at us with a piteously forlorn air that made us shudder. Happily my own illness was increased by sorrow, and this gave my poor mother some occupation."

Marie Antoinette was unwilling to walk in the garden of the Temple after her husband's death, for in so doing she was obliged to pass the door of the room where he had been confined. Afraid, however, that the want of air would tell on her children's health, she obtained leave to walk with them on the top of the Tower. The platform was, however, surrounded with lattice work, and the air-holes were carefully stopped. The Queen asked to have a door opened between her room and that of Madame Elizabeth, but this request, after being referred to the Council General, was refused. At all hours--sometimes in the dead of night--their rooms were invaded by the municipals, or by commissaries of the convention, often intoxicated, who rudely searched every corner, and took away whatever little trifles they could find. "They searched even beneath our mattresses," says Madame Royale, on one occasion; "my poor brother was sleeping. They tore him roughly from his bed that they might search it, and my mother held him in her arms, quite benumbed with cold."

In the beginning of July the Convention ordered that the Dauphin should be separated from his mother, and committed to the guardianship of Simon, the shoemaker, in another part of the Tower. A terrible scene ensued when this decree was communicated to the hapless prisoners. The poor boy--he was only eight years old--threw himself with cries of terror into his mother's arms for protection, and Marie Antoinette for more than an hour defended the bed on which she laid him against the municipal officers, protesting that they should kill her before they should take away her child. "At length they grew enraged, and threatened so positively to kill both him and me, that her love for us once more compelled her to yield. My aunt and I took my brother out of bed, as my mother herself had no strength left; and, as soon as he was dressed, she took him in her arms, and, after bathing him in her tears, which were the more bitter as she foresaw that it was the last time she should ever see him, she placed him herself in the hands of the municipal officers."

The mother's cup of sorrows was nearly full. Madame Royale thus pictures the days that followed:--

"We ascended to the top of the Tower very frequently, because my brother also walked there at his side of the building, and the only pleasure my mother now had was to get an occasional distant glimpse of him through a small slit in the division wall. She used to remain there for entire hours, watching the moment when she could see her child. This was her only desire, her only solace, and her only occupation."

A month later Marie Antoinette's own turn came, and she was removed to the Conciergerie. She rose up, and submitted herself in silence.

Madame Royale and her aunt were now left alone. Inconsolable at the loss of the Queen, they made constant and urgent inquiries concerning her, and begged earnestly to be reunited to her. They were only told, however, in the vaguest terms that no harm would come to her. In September the rigour of their imprisonment was increased. They were confined to one room, and no longer allowed a servant to do the coarse work. "We made our beds ourselves, and were obliged to sweep the room, which took us a long time to do at first, until we got accustomed to it." They were not allowed to walk on the Tower, for fear they should attempt to escape, although the windows were all barred. Anything that could tend in any way to their comfort or convenience was taken away. Madame Elizabeth asked for something instead of meat on fast days. She was told that under the new rules of equality there was no difference between the days. When she asked another time, she was told, "No one but fools believe now in all that nonsense." In spite of these refusals, however, she managed to keep Lent strictly when it came. She took no breakfast, and reserved the coffee then provided for her dinner, while at night she only took bread. She wisely, however, forbade Madame Royale following her example, and urged her to eat whatever was brought, saying she had not yet come to an age which required her to abstain. In the winter evenings she taught her niece tric-trac, which they played together, "as a sort of distraction to our grief." As the days began to get longer, however, they were not allowed any more candles, and had to go to bed as soon as it was dark.

The beautiful prayer composed by Madame Elizabeth, which the aunt and niece used daily, shows us the pure influence which was helping to mould Madame Royale's character, and the spirit in which days of dreariness and grief were met and conquered:--

"What may befall me this day, O God! I know not; but I do know that nothing can happen to me which Thou hast not foreseen, ruled, willed, and ordained from all eternity; and that suffices me. I adore Thy eternal and inscrutable designs. I submit to them with all my heart, through love to Thee. I accept all; I make unto Thee a sacrifice of all; and to this poor sacrifice I add that of my Divine Saviour. In His name, and for the sake of His infinite merits, I ask of Thee that I may be endowed with patience under suffering, and with the perfect submission which is due to all which Thou willest or permittest."

All this time they remained ignorant of the fate of the Queen. They had, indeed, heard the street hawkers crying the sentence of death under their windows; but, though their hearts misgave them at times, they refused to believe that the sentence could have been actually carried out, and so hoped against hope. Whether from callous indifference or because no one had the heart to tell them, the fatal news never reached their ears, and it was eighteen months before Madame Royale knew of her mother's death.

Thus the days passed until the 9th of May, 1794. The day had been spent as usual, and the prisoners were just going to bed, when loud and continued knocking at the door and demands for immediate admission warned them of some new evil. The summons was for Madame Elizabeth. "Citizen, will you accompany us downstairs?" "And my niece?" "She shall be taken care of afterwards." Madame Elizabeth embraced her niece, and told her, by way of reassuring her, that she would soon return. "No, citizen," said the ruffians; "you will not return. Put on your bonnet and go downstairs." "She bore it all with patience," says Madame Royale, "put on her bonnet, embraced me once more, and told me to take courage and be firm, to place my hope in God, to live in the good principles of religion which my parents had taught me, and to keep constantly in my mind the last advice of my father and mother. She then departed."

The young girl of fifteen was thus left, as she herself expresses it, "in an utter state of desolation." She "passed a cruel night"; but, though filled with fears, she could not believe that serious harm could be intended to one who was so saintly and pure, and who could never be accused of taking any share in the Government or of any political offence. She was told the next day, in answer to her inquiries, that her aunt had been to take the air. She little thought that Madame Elizabeth had even then travelled her last journey and reached her long home.

Madame Royale's health did not sink under these accumulated sorrows, heavy and bitter though they were. Hu?, her father's faithful attendant, writes of her:--"She had attained an age in which sorrows are keenly felt, but had learned by great examples to show herself superior to adversity. Left entirely by herself in the Tower of the Temple, God being her only adviser and support, she increased in grace and virtue, and grew like the lily which the tempest spared." The loving foresight of her aunt doubtless contributed in great measure to the preservation of her health. She had planned out the days for her, appointing set times for prayer, reading, work, and the care of her room. She had taught her to do everything for herself, showed her how to freshen the air of the room by sprinkling water, and had made her take regular exercise by walking rapidly, watch in hand, for an hour at a time. She saw no one except the municipal officers, who continued to search her room at frequent intervals, and the persons who brought her meals. To the latter she never spoke; to the former only to answer briefly a direct question. Madame Elizabeth had impressed on her that if ever she were left alone, she should immediately ask to have a woman to live with her. She felt obliged to obey her aunt's wish, but feared that if her request were granted, some uncongenial person would be given her for a companion. It was, however, refused, and the princess confesses that she was very glad.

So the long summer days passed away, and the autumn came and went. Day followed day in a dreary sameness of solitude. The Princess of France grew to be thankful for very small mercies. "I continued at least to keep myself clean," she writes. "I had soap and water, and I swept my room every day.... I was not allowed any light; but in the long days I did not much feel this privation. They refused to give me any other books; those I had were books of piety and travels, which I had read over and over a thousand times. I also had a knitting machine, of which I was completely tired."

The appointment of a fresh commissary of the Convention, named Laurent, to take charge of the princess and her brother, brought some little relief. The unhappy Dauphin, after enduring six months' brutal treatment from Simon, had been left six months unattended and alone, and was reduced to the last degree of misery. Laurent, who seems to have been a kind-hearted man, did what he could for him, and treated Madame Royale with civility and consideration. She ventured to ask for news of her mother and her aunt, and asked him to use his influence to have her restored to her mother, but "he replied with an evident air of embarrassment and pain, that these were matters with which he had no concern."

"The winter passed with tolerable tranquillity," writes the princess, "and I had reason to be satisfied with the civility of my keepers. They offered to make my fire, and allowed me as much wood as I wished, which was a source of great comfort to me. They also brought me the books I asked for; Laurent had already procured me some. The greatest distress I had was in not being able to learn anything respecting my mother or my aunt."

The course of the spring of 1795 was marked only by the gradual fading away of the Dauphin. The Committee of General Safety sent physicians at last, and fresh keepers strove by their kindness to compensate in some feeble measure for the past cruelties he had endured, but it was too late. He grew weaker and weaker, then fever set in, which he had no strength to resist, and he died on the 9th of June. The poor child was only a little over ten years old.

With the death of her brother, Madame Royale's memoirs come to a conclusion, but we learn from other sources what followed.

The Government seem to have felt they had gone too far. A feeling of pity for "the daughter of the last King" began to be awakened. A petition was presented from the City of Orleans, urging that she should be restored to freedom, and negotiations were set on foot which had in view an exchange of the princess for some prisoners in the custody of the Austrian Government. Meanwhile Madame Royale was treated with much greater consideration, and a lady, Madame de Chantereine, was appointed to attend on her.

Above all her old friends, Madame de Tourzel, and her daughter, Pauline, and Madame de Mackan, former sub-governess to the children of France, were, after some difficulty, allowed to visit the Temple. Madame de Tourzel, in her memoirs, has left us many details of their first meeting.

They had left the princess feeble and delicate, and were surprised to find her beautiful, tall, and strong, and with that air of distinction which was her peculiar characteristic, while they traced in her the features of the King, the Queen, and even of Madame Elizabeth. She had much to tell them of all three, and they drew from her many touching particulars of her solitary captivity. She confessed she had grown so weary of her profound solitude, that she had said to herself that she should not be able to keep from loving any companion they might give her short of a monster. When Madame de Tourzel expressed a hope that she might be allowed to leave France, Madame Royale answered sadly "that she still found some comfort in dwelling in a country which held the ashes of those who had been dearest to her in the world." And, she added with a burst of tears, that "she would have been much happier if she could have shared their fate instead of being condemned to weep for them." No single expression of bitterness, however, escaped from her.

The good Marquise was considerably shocked at the freedom with which Madame de Chantereine treated the princess, and the airs of authority which she assumed over her. The Marquise and her daughter endeavoured to make her see this by the great respect which they themselves showed Madame Royale, but is was to no purpose. Madame Royale, however, had attached herself to the lady, and did not resent her familiarity. Any companion who showed her kindness was welcome to her, and Madame de Chantereine was an educated person, could speak Italian, of which the princess was fond, and gave her lessons in embroidery, at which she was very skilful.

The discovery, however, of a supposed Royalist plot, and, later on, the application of the Tuscan Envoy to be allowed to salute the princess, caused her to be again more closely confined and debarred from the society of her friends. But her captivity was now to be only of short duration, and at the end of November the following order opened the gates of the Temple:--

"The Executive Directory resolve that the Ministers of the Interior and Foreign Relations are charged to take the measures necessary to accelerate the exchange of the daughter of the last King for the Citizens Camus, Quinette, and other deputies or agents of the Republic; to appoint a proper officer of the gendarmerie, fit for the purpose, to accompany the daughter of the last King as far as Basle; and to allow her to take with her such persons engaged in her education as she likes best."

EVERY GIRL A BUSINESS WOMAN.

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE WORLD OF INDUSTRY AND THRIFT.

BY JAMES MASON.

At the end of our last article we were speaking of the Post Office as a banking establishment, and we did not finish all there was to say on the subject.

Money orders were first started in 1792 by three Post Office clerks, with the idea that they would be of service for sending small sums safely to soldiers and sailors. The business gradually extended, and in 1838 was taken over by the Government.

The charge for remitting was at first eightpence in the pound; but it has been reduced from time to time, the last reduction being made only a few months ago. It now stands as follows:--To remit to any place in the United Kingdom any sum not exceeding a pound costs 2d.; from one pound and not exceeding two pounds costs 3d.; from two pounds and not exceeding four pounds costs 4d.; from four pounds and not exceeding seven pounds costs 5d.; and from seven pounds to ten pounds you have to pay 6d. No single order is issued for more than ten pounds; but if you have to remit, say, thirty pounds, it is an easy matter to get three orders.

To get a money order, the first thing you have to do is to fill up an "application form," to be had gratuitously at all money order offices. All post offices, by the way, are not money order offices. Here is a form filled up:--

The amount of the order required, along with the commission--the total in this case would be ?9 2s. 9d.--is handed over with the form to the postmaster, or whoever is acting for him. No order may contain a fractional part of a penny. To make an order more secure, it may be "crossed," just as we mentioned could be done with cheques. In that case it is payable only through a bank.

When a money order is to be paid in London, or in any other town where there are more money order offices than one, the sender should say at what particular office she wishes it to be paid. Should she not do so, and only say, "Payable at London," or "Manchester," or "Edinburgh," the receiver of the order will get payment at the head office in the town only.

As a precaution against dishonest people, it is recommended that when the sender of the order is well known to the receiver, the letter enclosing it should be signed with initials only. When she is not well known, safety may be given to the order by making it payable ten days after date, or by having it crossed like a cheque, or by registering the letter containing it; or the name of the sender may be sent in a separate letter from that containing the money order. If ever you make a money order payable ten days after date, you must on obtaining it affix to it, in the presence of the postmaster, a penny adhesive stamp, and write your signature across the stamp.

When an order is presented for payment, the person presenting it is asked "Who sent this order?" and if this question is correctly answered, and the order is properly receipted, the sum is at once handed over, "unless the postmaster have good reason for believing that the applicant is neither the rightful claimant, nor deputed by him or her."

Money orders are not only to be obtained for places in the United Kingdom. They are also issued on France, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the United States, and several other foreign countries, and on most of the British colonies and foreign possessions. The rates of commission charged for these foreign money orders are--For sums not exceeding two pounds, 6d.; from two pounds to five pounds, 1s.; from five pounds to seven pounds, 1s. 6d.; and from seven pounds to ten pounds, the highest limit of a single order--2s. The regulations affecting foreign money orders may be seen in the useful Postal Guide, which is published, as we mentioned in our first article, once every quarter.

There has been a considerable falling-off of recent years in the number of inland money orders issued, colonial and foreign orders having, however, on the other hand, increased in number. The decrease has been brought about by the introduction of postal orders, as they are called, which have been found much more convenient in some respects, not to speak of their being, for small sums, decidedly cheaper.

These postal orders, payable on presentation without previous notice, are issued for fixed sums from a shilling up to a pound, and are to be obtained at all money order offices in the United Kingdom, as well as at Malta, Gibraltar, and Constantinople. Here are the amounts for which they are issued, together with the "poundage" payable on each order: There are orders for 1s. and 1s. 6d., on which the charge is 1/2 d.; then there are orders for 2s., 2s. 6d., 3s., 3s. 6d., 4s., 4s. 6d., 5s., 7s. 6d., 10s., and 10s. 6d., which cost 1d. each; and, last of all, there are orders for 15s. and 20s., on which one has to pay 1 1/2 d. A postal order is in the following form:--

To the Postmaster in charge of the Money Order Office at.....................

Pay to........................., at any time within Three Calendar Months from the last day of the month of issue, the sum of Ten Shillings, on account of Her Majesty's Postmaster-General.

When one has to remit broken amounts, say 4s. 2 1/2 d., or 8s. 3d., or 10s. 9 1/2 d., postage stamps may be affixed to the face of the orders; but the stamps used in this way on any one order must not exceed fivepence in value.

When circulating in this way, however, postal orders have an inconvenience: they must be cashed within three calendar months from the last day of the month when they were issued, otherwise a sum equal in amount to the original "poundage" is charged for every additional three months that passes before the order is presented for payment. Suppose a postal order kept on circulating, it would fall in value every three months. A shilling postal order at the end of a year would only be worth 10 1/2 d.; at the end of two years its value would be 8 1/2 d.; and suppose it remained uncashed for six years, all you would get for it would be 1/2 d.

Before a postal order is paid, the blank spaces must be filled in, and the receiver of the money must sign her name at the foot. Should a postal order be "crossed" like a cheque, payment will only be made through a banker.

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