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OF THIS VOLUME.

INTRODUCTION.

PAGE.

General View--Transition from the Old to the New Civilization--Historical Sketch of Spain--Spanish Character--Spanish Society--Prominent Features of the Age--Domestic Matters--The New World--Comparative Civilizations and Savagisms--Earliest Voyages of Discovery 1

COLUMBUS AND HIS DISCOVERIES. 1492-1500.

Early Experiences--The Compact--Embarkation at Palos--The Voyage--Discovery of Land--Unfavorable Comparison with the Paradise of Marco Polo--Cruise among the Islands--One Nature Everywhere--Desertion of Pinzon--Wreck of the Santa Mar?a--The Fortress of La Navidad Erected--Return to Spain--Rights of Civilization--The Papal Bull of Partition--Fonseca Appointed Superintendent of the Indies--Second Voyage--Navidad in Ruins--Isabela Established--Discontent of the Colonists--Explorations of the Interior--Coasting Cuba, and Discovery of Jamaica--Failure of Columbus as Governor--Intercourse with Spain--Destruction of the Indians--Government of the Indies--Diego and Bartolom? Colon--Charges against the Admiral--Commission of Inquiry Appointed--Second Return to Spain--Third Voyage--Trinidad Discovered--Santo Domingo Founded--The Roldan Rebellion--Francisco de Bobadilla Appointed to Supersede Columbus--Arbitrary and Iniquitous Conduct of Bobadilla--Columbus Sent in Chains to Spain 155

DISCOVERY OF DARIEN. 1500-1502.

Rodrigo de Bastidas--Extension of New World Privileges--The Royal Share--Juan de la Cosa--Ships of the Early Discoverers--Coasting Darien--The Terrible Teredo--Wrecked on Espa?ola--Spanish Money--Treatment of Bastidas by Ovando--Accused, and Sent to Spain for Trial--He is Immediately Acquitted--Future Career and Character of Bastidas--The Archives of the Indies--The Several Collections of Public Documents in Spain--The Labors of Mu?oz and Navarrete--Bibliographical Notices of the Printed Collections of Navarrete, Ternaux-Compans, Salv? and Baranda, and Pacheco and C?rdenas 183

COLUMBUS ON THE COASTS OF HONDURAS, NICARAGUA, AND COSTA RICA. 1502-1506.

The Sovereigns Decline either to Restore to the Admiral his Government, or to Capture for him the Holy Sepulchre--So he Sails on a Fourth Voyage of Discovery--Fernando Colon and his History--Ovando Denies the Expedition Entrance to Santo Domingo Harbor--Columbus Sails Westward--Strikes the Shore of Honduras near Guanaja Island--Early American Cartography--Columbus Coasts Southward to the Darien Isthmus--Then Returns and Attempts Settlement at Veragua--Driven thence, his Vessels are Wrecked at Jamaica--There midst Starvation and Mutiny he Remains a Year--Then he Reaches Espa?ola, and finally Spain, where he shortly afterward Dies--Character of Columbus--His Biographers 202

ADMINISTRATION OF THE INDIES. 1492-1526.

Columbus the Rightful Ruler--Juan Aguado--Francisco de Bobadilla--Nicol?s de Ovando--Santo Domingo the Capital of the Indies--Extension of Organized Government to Adjacent Islands and Mainland--Residencias--Gold Mining at Espa?ola--Race and Caste in Government--Indian and Negro Slavery--Cruelty to the Natives--Spanish Sentimentalism--Pacification, not Conquest--The Spanish Monarchs always the Indian's Friends--Bad Treatment due to Distance and Evil-minded Agents--Infamous Doings of Ovando--Repartimientos and Encomiendas--The Sovereigns Intend them as Protection to the Natives--Settlers Make them the Means of Indian Enslavement--Las Casas Appears and Protests against Inhumanities--The Defaulting Treasurer--Diego Colon Supersedes Ovando as Governor--And Makes Matters Worse--The Jeronimite Fathers Sent Out--Audiencias--A Sovereign Tribunal is Established at Santo Domingo which Gradually Assumes all the Functions of an Audiencia, and as such Finally Governs the Indies--Las Casas in Spain--The Consejo de Indias, and Casa de Contratacion--Legislation for the Indies 247


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