: Cassell's History of England Vol. 3 (of 8) From the Great Rebellion to the Fall of Marlborough. by Anonymous - Great Britain History

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THE GREAT REBELLION. PAGE

Condition of Ireland--Roger Moore's Pilgrimage--Negotiations of the Anglo-Irish with Charles--Hugh M'Mahon betrays the Plot--Rising of the Native Irish--Massacre of Protestants--Measures taken by the English Parliament--Return of Charles to London--The Grand Remonstrance--The King's Answer--His Lieutenant of the Tower--Riots in London--Blunder of the Bishops--Attempted Arrest of the Five Members--Charles leaves London--The Queen goes to Holland--Charles at York--His Repulse from Hull--Preparations for War--The Royal Standard Raised--Prince Rupert's Headstrong Folly--Battle of Edge Hill--Charles marches on London--He returns to Oxford--Cromwell in the East--The Queen in Yorkshire--Death of Hampden--Parliamentary Disasters--Battle of Newbury--Death of Lord Falkland--Negotiations with the Scots and Irish--Death of Pym--Royal Parliament at Oxford--Battle of Marston Moor--Disastrous Failure of Essex in Cornwall--Second Battle of Newbury--The Self-denying Ordinance--The New-modelled Army 1

THE GREAT REBELLION .

The Assembly at Westminster--Trial and Death of Laud--Negotiations at Uxbridge--Meeting of the Commissioners--Impossibility of a Settlement--Prospect of Help to the King from the Continent--Charles agrees to the demands of the Irish Catholics--Discipline and Spirit of the Parliamentary Army--Campaign of the New-modelled Army--Hunting the King--Battle of Naseby--Fairfax in the West--Exploits of Montrose--Efforts of Charles to join Him--Battle of Kilsyth--Fall of Bristol--Battle of Philiphaugh--Last Efforts of the Royalists--Charles Offers to Treat--Discovery of his Correspondence with Glamorgan--Charles Intrigues with the Scots--Flight from Oxford--Surrender to the Scots at Newark--Consequent Negotiations--Proposals for Peace--Surrender of Charles to Parliament 34

THE COMMONWEALTH.

THE COMMONWEALTH .

Manufactures and Commerce--Trade under the Stuarts--English Commerce and Dutch Competition--The East India Company--Vicissitudes of its Early History--Rival Companies--The American Colonies and West Indies--Growth of London--National Revenue--Extravagance of the Stuarts--Invention of the Title of Baronet--Illegal Monopolies--Cost of Government--Money and Coinage--Agriculture and Gardening--Dramatists of the Period--Shakespeare and his Contemporaries--Poets of the Occult School--Herbert, Herrick, Quarles--A Wealth of Poetry--Prose-Writers--Bacon's "Novum Organum"--Milton's Prose Works--Hales, Chillingworth, Jeremy Taylor, Fuller, and other Theological Writers--Harrington's "Oceana"--Sir Thomas Browne--Historians and Chroniclers--First Newspapers--Harvey's Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood--Napier's Invention of Logarithms--Music--Painting, Engraving, and Sculpture--Architecture--Manners and Customs--Sports and Pastimes--Furniture and Domestic Embellishment--Costumes--Arms and Armour--Condition of the People 165

Demands of Parliament--A Bogus Commission--Crushing the Covenanters in Scotland--The Dutch in the Thames--Panic in London and at Court--Humiliation of England--Peace is Signed--Fall of Clarendon--The Cabal--Sir William Temple at the Hague--The Triple Alliance--Scandals at Court--Profligacy of the King and the Duke of Buckingham--Attempt to Deprive the Duke of York of the Succession--Persecution of Nonconformists--Trial of Penn and Mead--The Rights of Juries--Secret Treaty with France--Suspicious Death of Charles's Sister--"Madam Carwell"--Attack on Sir John Coventry--National Bankruptcy--War with Holland--Battle of Southwold Bay--Declaration of Indulgence--Fall of the Cabal--Affairs in Scotland and Ireland--Progress of the Continental War--Mary Marries William of Orange--Louis Intrigues with the Opposition--Peace of Nimeguen--The Popish Plot--Impeachment of Danby--Temple's Scheme of Government--The Exclusion Bill--Murder of Archbishop Sharp--Bothwell Bridge--Anti-Catholic Fury--Charges against James--Execution of Lord Stafford 221

Charles's Embarrassments--Exclusion Intrigues--Parliament Dissolved--The King again Pensioned by Louis--New Parliament at Oxford--Violence of the Whigs--Charles Dissolves the Oxford Parliament--Execution of Archbishop Plunket--Arrest of Shaftesbury--Dismay of the Gang of Perjurers--Oates turned out of Whitehall--Shaftesbury's Lists--Visit of William of Orange--James in Scotland--Defeat of the Cameronians--Cargill's Manifesto--The Duke of York's Tyranny--Flight of Argyll--The Torture in Edinburgh--Arrogance of Monmouth--Contest between the Court and the City--Death of Shaftesbury--Rye House Plot--Suicide of the Earl of Essex--Trial of Lord William Russell--Extraordinary Declaration of the University of Oxford--Trial of Algernon Sidney--The Duke of Monmouth Pardoned--Base Conduct of Monmouth--Trial of Hampden--Trials in Scotland--Absolutism of Charles--Forfeiture of Charters by the Corporations--Influence of the Duke of York--Opposition of Halifax--Sickness and Death of the King 267

James's Speech to the Council--Rochester supersedes Halifax--Other Changes in the Ministry--James Collects the Customs without Parliament--French Pension continued--Scottish Parliament--Oates and Dangerfield--Meeting of Parliament--It grants Revenue for Life--Monmouth and Argyll--Argyll's Expedition--His Capture and Execution--Monmouth's Expedition--He enters Taunton--Failure of his Hopes--Battle of Sedgemoor--Execution of Monmouth--Cruelties of Kirke and Jeffreys--The Bloody Assize--The Case of Lady Alice Lisle--Decline of James's Power--He Breaks the Test Act--Revocation of the Edict of Nantes--Prorogation of Parliament--Acquittal of Delamere--Alienation of the Church--Parties at Court--The Dispensing Power Asserted--Livings granted to Catholics--Court of High Commission Revived--Army on Hounslow Heath--Trial of "Julian" Johnson--James's Lawlessness in Scotland and Ireland--Declaration of Indulgence--The Party of the Prince of Orange and the Princess Mary--Expulsion of the Fellows of Magdalen College--New Declaration of Indulgence--Protest of the Seven Bishops--Birth of the Prince of Wales--Trial and Acquittal of the Bishops--Invitation to William of Orange--Folly of James--William's Preparations--Blindness of James, and Treachery of his Ministers--William's Declaration--James convinced, makes Concessions--William lands at Torbay--His Advance to Exeter--Churchill's Treason--Flight of the Princess Anne and her Husband--James sends Commissioners to Treat with William--Flight of James--Riots in London--Return of James--His Final Flight to France--The Convention--The Succession Question--Declaration of Rights--William and Mary joint Sovereigns 289

PROGRESS OF THE NATION FROM THE CIVIL WAR TO THE GREAT REVOLUTION.

Religion: Nonconformist Sects--Imprisonment of Bunyan--Fox and the Society of Friends--The Punishment of James Naylor--Expulsion of Roger Williams--Other Religious Sects--Literature: Milton--His Works--Cowley--Butler--Dryden--Minor Poets--Dramatists of the Restoration--Prose Writers: Milton and Dryden--Hobbes--Clarendon--Baxter--Bunyan--Waiton--Evelyn and Pepys--Founding of the Royal Society--Physical Science--Discoveries of Napier, Newton and Flamsteed--Mathematicians and Chemists--Harvey and Worcester--Painting, Sculpture, and Engraving--Coinage--Music--Furniture--Costume--Manners and Customs--State of London--Sports and Amusements--Country Life--Travelling--The Clergy--Yeomen--Village Sports--Growth of the Revenue and Commerce--Growing prosperity of the North of England--The Navigation Act--Norwich and Bristol--Postal Arrangements--Advantages Derived from the Industries of the Foreign Refugees--The East India Company--Condition of the People: Wages--The Poor Law--Efforts of Philanthropists 352

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