: A General View of Positivism Or Summary exposition of the System of Thought and Life by Comte Auguste Harrison Frederic Author Of Introduction Etc Bridges John Henry Translator - Positivism

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INTELLECTUAL CHARACTER OF POSITIVISM 8

THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF POSITIVISM 64

THE ACTION OF POSITIVISM UPON THE WORKING CLASSES 140

Positivism will not for the present recommend itself to the governing classes, so much as to the People--The working man who accepts his position is favourably situated for the reception of comprehensive principles and generous sympathies--This the Convention felt; but they encouraged the People to seek political supremacy, for which they are not fit--It is only in exceptional cases that the People can be really 'sovereign'--The truth involved in the expression is that the well-being of the people should be the one great object of government--The People's function is to assist the spiritual power in modifying the action of government--Their combined efforts result in the formation of Public Opinion--Public opinion involves, principles of social conduct, their acceptance by society at large, an organ through which to enunciate them--Working men's clubs--All three conditions of Public Opinion exist, but have not yet been combined--Spontaneous tendencies of the people in a right direction. Their Communism--Its new title of Socialism--Property is in its nature social, and needs control--But Positivism rejects the Communist solution of the Problem. Property is to be controlled by moral not legal agencies--Individualization of functions as necessary as co-operation--Industry requires its captains as well as War--Communism is deficient in the historical spirit--In fact, as a system it is worthless, though prompted by noble feelings--Property is a public trust, not to be interfered with legally--Inheritance favourable to its right employment--Intellect needs moral control as much as wealth--Action of organized public opinion upon Capitalists. Strikes--Public Opinion must be based upon a sound system of Education--Education has two stages; from birth to puberty, from puberty to adolescence. The first, consisting of physical and esthetic training, to be given at home--The second part consists of public lectures on the Sciences, from Mathematics to Sociology--Travels of Apprentices--Concentration of study--Governmental assistance not required, except for certain special institutions, and this only as a provisional measure--We are not ripe for this system at present; and Government must not attempt to hasten its introduction--Intellectual attitude of the people. Emancipation from theological belief--From metaphysical doctrines--Their mistaken preference of literary and rhetorical talent to real intellectual power--Moral attitude of the people. The workman should regard himself as a public functionary--Ambition of power and wealth must be abandoned--The working classes are the best guarantee for Liberty and Order--It is from them that we shall obtain the dictatorial power which is provisionally required.

THE INFLUENCE OF POSITIVISM UPON WOMEN 227

THE RELATION OF POSITIVISM TO ART 304

Positivism when complete is as favourable to Imagination, as, when incomplete, it was unfavourable to it--Esthetic talent is for the adornment of life, not for its government--The political influence of literary men a deplorable sign and source of anarchy--Theory of Art--Art is the idealized representation of Fact--Poetry is intermediate between Philosophy and Polity--Art calls each element of our nature into harmonious action--Three stages in the esthetic process: Imitation, Idealization, Expression--Classification of the arts on the principle of decreasing generality, and increasing intensity--Poetry--Music--Painting. Sculpture. Architecture--The conditions favourable to Art have never yet been combined--Neither in Polytheism--Nor under the Mediaeval system--Much less in modern times--Under Positivism the conditions will all be favourable. There will be fixed principles, and a nobler moral culture--Predisposing influence of Education--Relation of Art to Religion--Idealization of historical types--Art requires the highest education; but little special instruction--Artists as a class will disappear. Their function will be appropriated by the philosophic priesthood--Identity of esthetic and scientific genius--Women's poetry--People's poetry--Value of Art in the present crisis--Construction of normal types on the basis furnished by philosophy--Pictures of the Future of Man--Contrasts with the Past.

CONCLUSION. THE RELIGION OF HUMANITY 355

Recapitulation of the results obtained--Humanity is the centre to which every aspect of Positivism converges--With the discovery of sociological laws, a synthesis on the basis of Science becomes possible, science being now concentrated on the study of Humanity--Statical aspects of Humanity--Dynamical aspects--Inorganic and organic sciences elevated by their connexion with the supreme science of Humanity--The new religion is even more favourable to Art than to Science--Poetic portraiture of the new Supreme Being, and contrast with the old--Organization of festivals, representing statical and dynamical aspects of Humanity--Worship of the dead. Commemoration of their service--All the arts may co-operate in the service of religion--Positivism the successor of Christianity, and surpasses it--Superiority of Positive morality--Rise of the new Spiritual power--Temporal power will always be necessary, but its action will be modified by the spiritual--Substitution of duties for rights--Consensus of the Social Organism--Continuity of the past with the present--Necessity of a spiritual power to study and teach these truths, and thus to govern men by persuasion, instead of by compulsion--Nutritive functions of Humanity, performed by Capitalists, as the temporal power--These are modified by the cerebral functions, performed by the spiritual power--Women and priests to have their material subsistence guaranteed--Normal relation of priests, people, and capitalists--We are not yet ripe for the normal state. But the revolution of 1848 is a step towards it--First revolutionary motto; Liberty and Equality--Second motto; Liberty and Order--Third motto; Order and Progress--Provisional policy for the period of transition--Popular dictatorship with freedom of speech--Positive Committee for Western Europe--Occidental navy--International coinage--Occidental school--Flag for the Western Republic--Colonial and foreign Associates of the Committee, the action of which will ultimately extend to the whole human race--Conclusion. Perfection of the Positivist ideal--Corruption of Monotheism.

A GENERAL VIEW OF POSITIVISM

'We tire of thinking and even of acting; we never tire of loving.'

In the following series of systematic essays upon Positivism the essential principles of the doctrine are first considered; I then point out the agencies by which its propagation will be effected; and I conclude by describing certain additional features indispensable to its completeness. My treatment of these questions will of course be summary; yet it will suffice, I hope, to overcome several excusable but unfounded prejudices. It will enable any competent reader to assure himself that the new general doctrine aims at something more than satisfying the Intellect; that it is in reality quite as favourable to Feeling and even to Imagination.

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