: The Scouring of the White Horse; Or The Long Vacation Ramble of a London Clerk by Hughes Thomas Doyle Richard Illustrator - White Horse Vale of (England)

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RAW MATERIALS USED IN SOAP MAKING 1-30

CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF A SOAP PLANT 31-34

CLASSIFICATION OF SOAP MAKING METHODS 35-46

CLASSIFICATION OF SOAPS 47-104

GLYCERINE RECOVERY 105-126

ANALYTICAL METHODS 127-164

STANDARD METHODS FOR THE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL FATS AND OILS 165-195

Appendix 219-237

Useful Tables

Index 239

Raw Materials Used in Soap Making.

Soap is ordinarily thought of as the common cleansing agent well known to everyone. In a general and strictly chemical sense this term is applied to the salts of the non-volatile fatty acids. These salts are not only those formed by the alkali metals, sodium and potassium, but also those formed by the heavy metals and alkaline earths. Thus we have the insoluble soaps of lime and magnesia formed when we attempt to wash in "hard water"; again aluminum soaps are used extensively in polishing materials and to thicken lubricating oils; ammonia or "benzine" soaps are employed among the dry cleaners. Commonly, however, when we speak of soap we limit it to the sodium or potassium salt of a higher fatty acid.

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